视觉失匹配负波及在运动心理学研究中的前景

Visual Mismatch Negativity and Its Prospect in Sport Psychology

在事件相关电位的研究中,通常采用oddball范式获取视觉失匹配负波,其产生机制有疲劳假说和记忆痕迹假说2种,能够反映大脑的时间信息自动加工,研究成果主要集中在记忆和注意2个领域。目前,研究具有以通道内、主动范式为主,改良实验范式,重视理论价值,倾向医学领域等特点。研究瓶颈是刺激的编辑,突破口是范式的革新。在运动心理学中,可以致力于探讨视觉失匹配负波的功能意义和应用价值,体现在理论性探索、实践性应用和外围性拓展3个方面。面对体育运动实践中遇到的问题,可以通过改良oddball范式来解决。

Oddball paradigm is used usually to elicit visual mismatch negativity （vMMN） in event-related potentials （ERP） studies. It can reflect human temporal automatic processing. Its mechanisms are refractory hypothesis and memory comparison-based change detection hypothesis. Its studies mainly embodied in memory dependence issues and attentive processing issues. Presently, there were characteristics in visual oddball studies, including focusing on the sole sensory channel and positive paradigm, reforming experimental paradigm,paying attention to theoretical value, tending to medicine field, etc. The bottleneck was to compile stimuli, and the breakthrough was to perfect paradigm. In the field of sport psychology, the functional significance of the processes underlying the vMMN and application value should be discussed, for example, theoretical exploration, practical application and external expansion. The improved oddball paradigm can be used to solve many sports practice problems.