产品回收物流成本—收益分析

The Cost-income Analysis of Product Return Logistics

产品回收物流的实施需要企业投入各种人、财、物资源,当企业的收益大于所投入的成本时,开展回收物流的主动性就比较强。产品回收物流成本包括收集、分类/检测、处理、销售等环节的成本,收益则包括销售收益、零部件翻新和再造重用收益、材料再收益和环境保护收益。本文建立了产品回收物流成本—收益系统,借助系统动力学理论工具构建产品回收成本收益因果关系图、系统流图模型,并对该模型进行了仿真分析,认为收集地越多回收成本越高,收益越少,回收产品质量不同导致处理方式发生变化并最终影响回收成本—收益。

The enterprises＇ investment of human, financial and material resource is the basis for the implementing of product return logistics. When the enterprises＇ income exceeds their cost, their initiatives for developing return logistics will be greater. The cost of product return logistics includes the cost of collection, classification or detection, disposal and sale; and the income of that includes the income of resale, refurbishment of parts, reengineering and reuse and environmental protection. The cost-income system of product return logistic is established; the cost-income causal diagram of product return and the system flow diagram model are built. The simulation analysis of these models shows that, with more places of collection, the cost will be higher and the income will be lower; and the different quality of return product will lead to the different ways of disposal, which will in turn have the impact on the cost-income of return.