耕地质量的概念和评价与管理对策

CONCEPTION AND EVALUATION OF QUALITY OF ARABLE LAND AND STRATEGIES FOR ITS MANAGEMENT

耕地是最重要的农业资源之一,耕地质量是国家粮食安全和农产品质量安全的重要基础。本文根据文献资料,归纳总结了耕地质量概念及评价方法的研究现状,认为耕地质量是个多层次的概念,包含耕地的土壤质量、空间地理质量、管理质量和经济质量四层涵义,评价指标包含自然和社会经济两大因素。分析了我国耕地质量变化状况,结果表明,总体上我国耕地质量等级偏低,其中肥力质量、管理质量及经济质量逐渐趋好,但是健康质量和环境质量却日趋恶劣,部分区域耕地质量问题严重。文章还提出了针对我国国情的耕地质量建设及管理建议。

Arable land is one of the most important resources for agriculture. Quality of the arable land is an important basis for food security of the nation, and quality safety of agricultural produce. Based on the literature available, the status quo of the study on conception of and evaluation methods for arable land quality was generalized and summarized. It is held that arable land quality is a multi-level conception, containing four levels of connotations, i.e. soil quality, geographic quality, management quality and economic quality, and its evaluation indices include natural and socio-eeonomic factors. On such a basis, changes in the arable land quality of China were analyzed. It was found that on the whole the arable land quality of the country is quite low. However, its fertility quality,management quality and economic quality are gradually turning good while its health quality and environmental quality are getting worse and the problems of arable land quality in some areas are very serious. In light of the situation of the country, proposals are brought forward for construction and management of the arable land quality in China.