“雨花露”水蜜桃主要害虫与其捕食性天敌的关系

Relationships between main insect pests and their predatory natural enemies in "Yuhualu" juicy peach orchard

为了科学施药,合理保护和利用天敌进行水蜜桃园害虫的综合防治,用t检验法比较"雨花露"水蜜桃季节间和年度间害虫及其天敌的种群差异,结果表明两年春夏季之间小绿叶蝉、桃蚜、山楂叶螨、李肖叶甲和梨网蝽5种害虫的差异均不显著;异色瓢虫的t值为2.39,t>t0.05(2.16),差异显著,其余天敌差异均不显著。2010年春夏与秋季之间,小绿叶蝉、梨网蝽、三突花蟹蛛和异色瓢虫的t值为5.63、76.38、3.28和4.82,t>t0.01(3.01),差异极显著,其余差异不显著。采用灰色关联分析方法、生态位分析方法,对2010年及2011年春夏季水蜜桃园桃蚜、小绿叶蝉、山楂叶螨、梨网蝽和李肖叶甲与其捕食性天敌在数量、时间和空间格局等方面关系进行分析,对每一天敌对应的关联度、生态位重叠指数和相似性比例等参数标准化后相加,按照参数标准化值之和大小排序得出,2010年春夏季小绿叶蝉前三位的主要天敌是三突花蟹蛛、中华草蛉和八斑球腹蛛;山楂叶螨的主要天敌是粽管巢蛛、八斑球腹蛛和草间小黑蛛。2011年春夏季桃蚜的主要天敌是黑带食蚜蝇、异色瓢虫和三突花蟹蛛;小绿叶蝉的主要天敌是草间小黑蛛、龟纹瓢虫和三突花蟹蛛;梨网蝽的主要天敌是三突花蟹蛛、龟纹瓢虫和草间小黑蛛;山楂叶螨的主要天敌是粽管巢蛛、八斑球腹蛛和草间小黑蛛;李肖叶甲的主要天敌是草间小黑蛛、三突花蟹蛛和八斑球腹蛛。2010年秋冬季小绿叶蝉的主要天敌是中华草蛉、草间小黑蛛和三突花蟹蛛;梨网蝽的主要天敌是八斑球腹蛛、草间小黑蛛和三突花蟹蛛。林间,2010年小绿叶蝉、梨网蝽和山楂叶螨及2011年春夏季桃蚜、李肖叶甲、梨网蝽和山楂叶螨种群聚集均数λ均大于2,其聚集是害虫本身原因造成的。在桃树树冠四个方位间,2010年春夏季山楂叶螨,秋冬季小绿叶蝉和梨网蝽及2011年春夏季的李肖叶甲的λ值均大于2,其聚集是害虫本身原因造成的,其余害虫和天敌λ值均小于2,表明其聚集时由环境中某一因子影响所致。

To conserve and utilize natural enemies for comprehensive control of insect pests in peach orchards,the seasonal and annual variations of population quantities of the five kinds of insect pests with their natural enemies were systematical investigated in the ＂Yuhualu＂ juicy peach orchard.The findings of a paired t-testing demonstrated that the t values of five kinds of main pest numbers,i.e.Empoasca flavescens,Myzus persicae,Tetranychus viennensis,Cleoporus variabilis and Stephanitis nashi,indicating that no significant differences existed in the numbers of five kinds of insect pests in ＂Yuhualu＂ juicy peach orchard between the two spring-summer seasons of 2010 and 2011.Whilst the t values of the seven kinds of natural enemy numbers,i.e.Erigonidium graminicola,Misumenops tricuspidatus,Theridion octomaculatum,Clubiona japonicola,Propylaea japonica,Chrysopa sinica and Epistrophe balteata,all were significantly lower than 2.16（t0.05 value）,revealing that there were also no significant differences in the numbers of the seven kinds of natural enemies between the two spring-summer seasons of 2010 and 2011.Surprisingly,the t value of Harmonia axyridis was 2.39 2.16（t0.05 value）,showing that the difference in numbers was significant between the two spring-summer seasons of 2010 and 2011.The further analysis indicated that the t values of Empoasca flavescens,Stephanitis nashi,Misumenops tricuspidatus,Harmonia axyridis,were,respectively,5.63,76.38,3.28 and 4.82 3.01（t0.01）,indicating that there were significant differences in their numbers in ＂Yuhualu＂ juicy peach orchard between the spring-summer season and the autumn season of 2010,whereas no significant differences existed in the others.Moreover,the quantity,time and space framework of Myzus persicae,Empoasca flavescens,Tetranychus viennens,Cleoporus variabilis,Stephanitis nash and their predatory natural enemies in 2010 spring-summer season and autumn season,as well as 2011 spring-summer season were systematically studied using grey system analysis,ecological niche analysis and aggregated-intensity index analysis of spatial patterns.The synthetic ranking results indicated that,in 2010 spring-summer season,the orders of main natural enemies of Empoasca flavescens were Misumenops tricuspidatus,Chrysopa Sinica and Theridion octomaculatum,whereas the ranks of main natural enemies of Tetranychus viennensis were Clubiona japonicola,Theridion octomaculatum and Erigonidium graminicola.In 2011 spring-summer season,the orders of main natural enemies of Myzus persicae,Empoasca flavescens,Cleoporus variabilis,Stephanitis nashi and Tetranychus viennensis,were,respectively,Epistrophe balteata,Harmonia axyridis and Misumenops tricuspidatus;Erigonidium graminicola,Propylaea japonica and Misumenops tricuspidatus;Erigonidium graminicola,Misumenops tricuspidatus and Theridion octomaculatum;Misumenops tricuspidatus,Propylaea japonica and Erigonidium graminicola;Clubiona japonicola,Theridion octomaculatum and Erigonidium graminicola.In 2010 autumn-winter season,the ranks of main natural enemies of the Empoasca flavescens and Stephanitis nashi,were,respectively,Chrysopa Sinica,Erigonidium graminicola and Misumenops tricuspidatus;Theridion octomaculatum,Erigonidium graminicola and Misumenops tricuspidatus.The further analyses showed that the average λ values of Empoasca flavescens,Stephanitis nashi and Tetranychus viennensis in 2010,and Myzus persicae,Cleoporus variabilis,Stephanitis nashi and Tetranychus viennensis in the spring-summer season of 2011 all are more than 2,and in the four different directions of peach tree crown,the λ value of Tetranychus viennensis in the 2010 spring-summer season,and Empoasca flavescens in the 2010 autumn-winter season,as well as Cleoporus variabilis in the 2011 spring-summer season all are also more than 2,suggesting that the gathering cause of the insect pests resulted from themselves.However,the λ values of the other insect pests and natural enemies all were less than 2,indicating that their gathering was caused by certain environment factors.