三江源移民安置区农户能源利用及对生态环境影响——以贵南县为例

Energy Utilization by Guinan Households in a Resettlement Area of "Three-River-Source" and Its Effect on the Ecological Environment

三江源地区是长江、黄河、澜沧江三大河流的发源地,是我国重要水源涵养区,由于其生态系统十分脆弱,生态地位特殊,受到广泛的关注。本研究从三江源移民安置区农户能源利用对三江源生态系统影响的角度,使用问卷调查法、半开放式访谈法和生态系统服务功能评价法,对三江源移民安置区农户能源利用现状、农户对现有能源满意度和农户能源环保认知对三江源生态系统服务功能价值影响进行研究,结果表明:①三江源移民安置区种植农户能源利用结构较多样,以畜粪和秸秆为主要能源,放牧农户能源利用结构单一,基本依靠畜粪;②农户普遍对能源现状满意度低,放牧农户满意度低于种植农户;③农户倾向于使用环保能源,但对能源环保认知度较低,阻碍了清洁能源的广泛使用;④农户使用生物质能源导致生态系统服务功能价值每年损失约23.6737亿元。

The Sanjiangyuan area in Qinghai Province contains the headwaters of the Yangtze,Yellow and Lancang Rivers and is an important water conservation zone.The Sanjiangyuan Area is a key ecological and environmental protection area in China since any changes there will directly relate to the ecological safety of the broader country,and possibly the world.Unreasonable production modes,such as burning dung,reclaiming grassland and excessive herding are harmful to the ecosystems in this area.Energy utilization in rural areas typically relies on direct consumption from biomass and there are many impacts from burning of cattle dung and crop wastage by local households for cooking,boiling water and heating in winter.Recently,with increasing population pressure,the relationship between rural energy resources and the natural environment has presented severe problems.Here,we selected Guinan county in the Sanjiangyuan Area as our focal site and conducted questionnaire surveys,semi structured interviews and used price assessment methods for ecosystem services.Our aims were to determine the energy utilization status,the satisfaction of peasant households to energy utilization and the cognition of peasant household members to environmentally friendly energy affective ecosystem service prices.We found that crop farmers used more kinds of energy than grazing farmers.Animal dung and crop stalks are major energy sources for crop farmers for cooking and warmth;only animal dung is used by grazing farmers.The degree of satisfaction with energy utilization in peasant households is generally low,and it is lower among crop farmers than among grazing farmers.Most households tended to use clean energy during daily life,and the proportion would increase if the price of clean energy were equivalent to or cheaper than biomass energy.However,they have poor knowledge of environmentally friendly energy and this hinders the wider use of clean energy.Biomass energy was used by peasant households in Guinan county and was estimated to lead to a loss in ecosystem services of 2.36737 billion CNY.