“资本”:一个在当今被误读和滥用的概念

Capital: A Concept which Be Misread and Abused Nowadays

"资本"的误读与滥用,是当前国内外较为普遍的现象。"资本"的误读与滥用主要表现在,不把"资本"的实质理解为是积累起来的劳动,是剥削雇佣劳动的财产,是一种生产关系,而是把任何有利于生产效率提高、有利于社会经济发展、有利于个人获得经济利益的资源都视为"资本",都冠以"资本"的称号。"资本"的误读与滥用现象的存在,事实上已经对马克思的资本理论与政治经济学构成了巨大挑战与冲击。在马克思的历史观与资本理论的视野中,资本是一种历史性存在,是一个经济范畴,它是人类社会历史发展到一定阶段的产物。在资本主义社会中,资本是资产阶级社会支配一切的经济权力;资本作为资本主义社会占主导地位的生产关系,支配与统治着其他一切生产关系。在当代社会,商品经济或者说市场经济获得了新的发展,出现了一些新的商品形式,资本的形式虽然因为商品形式的新发展而发生了一些新的变化,产生了一些以前根本就不存在的新形式,但资本的内涵及其本质并没有因此发生改变。

The phenomenon of capital of generalization and misunderstanding, not only exists abroad, also exist in the country. The important performance of generalization and misreading of capital, is not to understand as essence of capital is accumulated labor, is the property of the exploitation of wage labour, understood as a production relationship, but conducive to the production efficiency, contribute to the socio-economic development, resources in favour of personal economic interest, are treated as a ＂capital＂, dubbed ＂capital＂ of the title. Existence of generalization and misreading of capital, in fact, has posed a great challenge and impact of Marx＇s concept of capital and the political economy. In contemporary society, the commodity economy or the market economy to obtain a new development, there are some new form of goods, although the form of capital goods in the form of new development because of the occurrence of some new changes, resulting in a number of previously non-existent new forms, but the meaning and nature of capital has not changed. Therefore, at present, clarify and boundary of capital and other resources, and how to understand the interaction between the two, both in the theory, or in real life, has the value and significance that cannot be neglected.