社会文化生活的断裂与承续——近代以来的知识群体与昆曲

Crack or Heritage of Social and Cultural Life ——Modern Chinese Intellectual Groups and Kunqu Opera

自明代中叶以来,昆曲逐渐成为知识群体精神文化构成的要件。近代以后,由于考量知识群体的"知识"要素变革、战火"焚烧"传承链以及礼崩乐"坏"等原因,使得知识群体与昆曲"绝缘";而知识群体在走向"新生活"、创造"新世界"中,又将"旧时代"、"旧制度"等标签粘贴于昆曲;加之昆曲在艺术形象上与知识精英倡导的戏曲功能的天然沟壑,进而促使知识群体中的多数人在主观意识上与昆曲"决裂"。但庆幸的是,知识群体中的极少数人在"惯性"驱使、"自觉"驱动下,仍挽留住了昆曲传承的最后一把薪火。21世纪初,中国兴起了以昆曲为前锋的"非遗"保护事业,掀起了以知识群体为先锋的昆曲保护、传承、研究热潮。在近代以来的百年多时间里,知识群体关于昆曲的认知"主流"发生了霄壤之变,这其实也是近代以来社会文化生活断裂、传承状况之一斑,体现了知识群体文化传承观念的新陈代谢以及文化责任的时代变迁。

Since the late Qing period, the main cognition on Kunqu Opera of intellectual groups has changed as far apart as heaven and earth. The article takes the cultural phenomenon as its entrance to see the crack or heritage of social and cultural life, and to analyze the metabolism of intellectual groups＇ ideas about cultural inheritance and the changes of intellectual groups＇ cultural responsibility. It looks back upon the flourishing of Kunqu Opera from the period of mid-Ming Dynasty, when Kunqu Opera was the key elements of intellectual groups＇ China, there was a big gulf between Kunqu Opera life and new world, so most of them discarded spiritual and cultural life. In the period of modern and intellectual groups on their ways towards new and attacked Kunqu Opera, while the very few intellectual groups guarded Kunqu Opera. Guarding on outstanding traditional culture and seeking new culture made the double responsibilities of intellectual groups. On this basis, The article extends to ponder over the contemporary intellectual groups＇ cultural responsibilities, and concludes that intellectual groups should cry for a powerful voice on the orientation of social transformation, especially on national culture and moral beliefs.