烧伤患者创面感染危险因素分析及预防对策

Risk factors for wound infections in burn patients and preventive countermeasures

目的探讨烧伤患者创面感染的相关危险因素以及预防对策,为临床选择有效的治疗方案提供参考依据。方法选择2010年12月-2011年12月医院收治的烧伤患者,并经创面细菌培养阳性患者150例,统计分析患者创面感染率、病原菌构成以及创面感染与年龄和烧伤面积的关系。结果 420例烧伤患者中,创面感染患者150例,感染率为35.71%;150例创面感染患者,经培养检出病原菌367株,其中革兰阴性菌182株占49.59%,革兰阳性菌143株占38.96%,真菌42株占11.44%;创面感染率随患者年龄的增大而增高,与年龄≤20岁的患者相比,年龄>20岁的患者创面感染率明显提高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);创面感染率随烧伤面积的增大而增高,与烧伤面积≤20%的患者相比,烧伤面积>20%的患者创面感染率明显提高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论在烧伤患者的治疗过程中,依据患者的具体病情,采取有效的预防措施,能够控制创面感染的发生,减少患者痛苦,促进患者的早日康复。

OBJECTIVE To probe into the risk factors and preventive measures for wound infections in the burn patients so as to provide reference for the selection of effective therapy.METHODS The burn patients who enrolled the hospital from Dec 2010 to Dec 2011 were selected,totally 150 patients were positive for the wound bacterial culture,the incidence of the wound infections,the constituent ratio of the pathogens and the correlation with the age and burn area were statistically analyzed.RESULTS There were 420 burn patients investigated,150 patients had wound infections,the infection rate was 35.71%.;there were 367 strains of pathogens cultured from 150 patients with wound infections,including 182（49.59%） strains of gram-negative bacteria,143（38.96%） strains of gram-positive bacteria,and 42（11.44%） strains of fungi;the incidence of the wound infections increased as the patients＇ age got older and older,compared with the patients at the age of less than 20 years,the incidence of the wound infections in the patients at the age more than 20 years was significantly increased,the difference was statistically significant（P0.05）;the wound infection rate was increased with the burn area,compared with the patients with the burn area less than 20%,the wound infection rate of the patients with the burn area more than 20% was significantly increased,the difference was statistically significant（P0.05）.CONCLUSION In the course of treatmentof burn patients,the effective prevention measures should be taken on the basis of the specific condition of the patients to control the wound infections,relieve the patients and promote the recovery of the patients in early stage.