张载《东铭》与明清儒学的转向

Dong Ming by Zhang Zai and the Trend of Neo-Confucianism During the Ming and Qing Dynasties

与《西铭》相比,张载《东铭》在宋明理学史上曾长期被人忽略,这主要与程朱对《西铭》的高度推崇和《西铭》自身所体现出的价值意蕴有关。然而,自明中期始,学者对《东铭》的价值越来越重视,认为要达到《西铭》的理想境界,就必须从《东铭》所示之工夫入手,下学上达不可偏废。在明清儒者的诠释下,张载《东铭》的意义和与《西铭》的关系才重新被彰显出来。这种关注重心的转移,与中晚明以来思想界对工夫实践的强调是一致的。

Compared with Xi Ming, Zhang Zai＇ s Dong Ming was often neglected in the history of Neo - Confucianism in the Song and Ming dynasties. One reason was that Xi Ming was highly praised by Cheng brothers and Zhu Xi, the other reason was related to its own value. However, from the mid - Ming dynasty on, scholars attached more importance to Dong Ming. And they thought people, who wanted to achieve the ideal state, must begin to practice Gong - Fu described in Dong Ming, peculiar learning for universal understanding could never be neglected. With the explanation of the Confueians in the Ming and Qing dynasties, the meaning of Dong Ming and its relations between Dong Ming and Xi Ming were shown again. The shift of the focus agreed with the importance of practice on Gong Fu advocated by the intellectual circle since the middle and late Ming dynasty.