唐代纪传、编年二体优劣论

Controversy over the Superiority and Inferiority of Historiography in a Series of Biographies of History Books and Historiography in Annalistic Style in the Tang Dynasty

唐初史家继承南北朝史学的理论遗产,列纪传体为正史。其后,史家开始强调史学褒贬人事、惩恶劝善的宗旨,这股思潮与中唐以后兴起的《春秋》学合流,将史书的编年体裁与褒贬义例联系在一起,导致中唐以后编年体史书中兴的局面。在此背景下,皇甫湜提出只要能立褒贬以示惩劝,二体皆可为良史的主张,对北宋时期《新五代史》等书的编纂产生了重要影响。

Historians of the early Tang Dynasty inherited the historiography theories of the South Dynasty and North Dynasty, and classified historiography in a series of biographies into history books written in biographical style. Afterwards, historians began to attach importance to the historiography principle that history should be written in order to pass judgment between praise and blame and to punish wickedness and encourage virtues, which was reinforced by the Study of the Spring and Autumn Annals rising in the mid- Tang Dynasty, having combined historiography in annalistic style with the purpose of praise and blame, also having revived chronicle historical records. Under this background, Huangfu Shi claimed that both types of historiography had the possibility of becoming excellent historiography works as long as they could punish wickedness and encourage virtues, which also exerted important influence on the compilation of A New History of the Five Dynasties （ Xin Wu Dai Shi ） and other history books in the North Song Dynasty.