北周六官与三省六部

The System of Six Ministries of the Northern Zhou Dynasty as well as the System of Three Provinces and Six ministries

中国古代官制在从秦汉的三公九卿制到隋唐的三省六部制的发展过程中,出现了一些设置混杂、分工不清、职责不明的现象。北周六官处在最后的关节点上,为三省六部制的最终形成起了关键性作用。北周六官假借《周礼》的形式,结合北魏旧制和西魏军府体制,集三省于天官府,分六部于地春夏秋冬五府,使尚在襁褓中的三省六部的面貌焕然一新。其后经过北周的实践,周隋之际的再反动,最后形成了一套结构完美、布局匀称、职责划分清晰的行政体系。

In the process of shifting from the system of three councilors of state and nine ministers in the Qin and Han Dynasties to the system of three provinces and six ministries in the Sui and Tang Dynasties, disorderly settlements, unclear labor division and ill - defined responsibilities - these phenomena have already appeared in the ancient Chinese bureaucracy system. The system of six ministries of the Northern Zhou Dynasty at this final and decisive point plays a key role in the setting up the system of three provinces and six ministries. In the form of the rites of Zhou, the system of six ministries of the Northern Zhou Dynasty, combined with the old system of Northern Wei Dynasty and the military service system of Western Wei Dynasty, the three provinces are concentrated on the Government Office while the six ministries are divided into five offices, i.e. the Office of Earth, the Office of Spring, the Office of Summer, the Office of Autumn and the Office of Winter respectively, the three provinces and six ministries having taken on an entirely new look. Finally, after the Northern Zhou Dynasty and the Sui Dynasty, a political system has been formed with a perfect composition, well - proportioned arrangement and clear separation of duties.