高血压急症116例治疗和护理

116 cases of hypertension emergency treatment and nursing care

目的总结高血压急症急性期的治疗和护理,增强护士对高血压急症的救治和护理能力。方法回顾总结分析高血压急症116例,在进行静脉使用硝普钠、硝酸甘油、单硝酸异山梨酯和对症治疗的同时,密切观察患者的血压、心率、动脉血氧饱和度(SaO2)、头晕头痛、胸闷心悸的变化。结果通过降压及对症治疗,精心护理,患者收缩压、舒张压、心率、SaO2、头晕头痛、胸闷心悸,在治疗后10min得到缓解(P<0.05),在30min～1h左右得到更大程度的改善(P<0.01),在2h左右趋于平稳。结论及时控制血压,实施对症治疗、恰当护理措施和心理护理、出院指导,减少心脑血管等重要脏器的急性损害,对患者的预后有重要的意义。

Objective Summary of hypertensive emergencies during the acute phase of treatment and care,enhance nurses for hypertensive emergency treatment and nursing ability.Methods Review and analysis of 116 cases with hypertensive emergency,in the intravenous use of sodium nitroprusside,nitroglycerin,isosorbide mononitrate and symptomatic treatment,at the same time,close observation of patients′ blood pressure,heart rate,arterial oxygen saturation（SaO2）,dizziness and headache,chest palpitations changes.Results By lowering blood pressure and symptomatic treatment,care,patients with systolic blood pressure,diastolic blood pressure,heart rate,SaO2,dizziness headache,chest tightness,palpitations,within 10min after treatment remission（P 0.05）,in 30minutes to 1hour is greatly improved（P0.01）,in 2hours to stability.Conclusion The timely control of blood pressure,the implementation of appropriate symptomatic treatment,nursing and psychological nursing,the hospital discharge guide,reduce cardiovascular and other important organs on the prognosis of patients with acute injury,has the important significance.