足细胞对损伤的反应

Podocyte response to injury

足细胞是肾脏固有细胞,其损伤是导致肾病蛋白尿和肾小球硬化的重要原因。然而足细胞作为一种高度分化的终末细胞,难以通过有丝分裂修复损伤。足细胞对损伤可有不同的反应,包括能量代谢异常引起的内质网应激和自噬反应,当损伤持续或进一步加重时,应激和修复机制失衡,凋亡相关基因激活,足细胞走向必然死亡的命运。在病理上,足细胞损伤可表现为足突融合、足细胞肥大、足细胞数目减少、足细胞异常增殖和去分化等。足细胞对损伤的不同反应与肾小球疾病的病理和预后相关。文章以此为切入点,对足细胞损伤和对损伤的反应相关研究进展作一综述。

The podocyte is a kind of intrinsic renal cells. Podocyte injury is a major cause of nephrotic proteinuria and glomerular sclerosis. However, podocyte, as a highly differentiated terminal cell in the mature glomerular, is unable to prolif- erate to repair the damage via mitoses. The characteristic responses to podocyte injury involve endoplasmic reticulum stress and autophagy caused by imbalance of energy metabolism. The sustained and aggravated injuries lead to the imbalance of stress and repair mechanism and the activation of apoptosis-related genes that result in podocyte death. The pathology of podo- cyte injury manifests foot processes effacement, podocyte hypertrophy, reduced number of podocytes, abnormal podocyte proliferation and dedifferentiation. Podocyte response to injury is associated with the pathology and prognosis of glomerular diseases. This review will focus on the podocyte injury and how podocyte response to injury.