颅眶联合伤大鼠模型建立的实验研究

Establishment of cranio-orbital injury model in rats: An experimental study

目的建立标准化的大鼠颅眶联合伤模型。方法 60只健康SD大鼠随机分为钳夹致伤组、自由落体致伤组、液压冲击致伤组,每组20只,分别建立大鼠颅眶联合伤模型。每只大鼠左眼为模型眼,右眼为正常眼。造模后统计大鼠模型眼Marcus-gun瞳孔、眼球突出、眼睑闭合不全、眼底出血、视神经断裂、感染、眼眶骨折、视神经鞘膜出血、脑挫裂伤及死亡的发生情况,以判断是否造模成功。并对比观察大鼠模型眼与正常眼的视网膜结构及视神经节细胞超微结构。结果钳夹致伤组死亡3只,无一只成功造模;自由落体致伤组死亡9只,成功造模8只;液压冲击致伤组死亡1只,成功造模16只。成功造模大鼠的模型眼视网膜结构紊乱,视神经节细胞计数明显减少。模型眼视神经节细胞的超微结构表现出典型的凋亡特征。结论液压冲击致伤法可成功建立标准化的颅眶联合伤动物模型,为后续研究奠定基础。

Abstract： Objective To establish a standardized cranio-orbital injury model in rats. Methods Sixty healthy SD rats were randomly divided into clipping injury group, weight drop injury group and fluid percussion injury group, 20 rats for each group. The cranio-orbital injury models were established on the left eyes of rats, and right eyes were normal. The situations such as Marcus-gun pupil, exophthalmos, hypophasis, ocular fundus hemorrhage, optic nerve disruption, infection, orbital fracture, optic nerve sheath hemorrhage, cerebral contusion and laceration and mortality were counted respectively after injury for judging whether the model was successful. The retinal structure and ultrastructure of retinal ganglion cells （RGCs） in the normal eyes and model eyes were observed. Results Three rats died and no successful model in the clipping injury group, nine rats died and 8 achieved successful modeling in the weight drop injury group, and only 1 rat died and 16 were modeling successful in the fluid percussion injury group. The retinal structure in the model eyes was disorganized and the number of RGCs reduced significantly after injury. The ultrastructure of RGC in the model eyes showed the typical characteristics of apoptosis. Conclusions Standardized animal model of cranio-orbital injury can be established by fluid percussion injury method, which lays a solid foundation for subsequent studies.