温度对前裂长管茧蜂生长发育与繁殖的影响

Effects of temperature on the development and fecundity of Diachasmimorpha longicaudata (Ashmead)

在实验室条件下,以桔小实蝇三龄初幼虫为繁育寄主,考察了15、18、21、24、27及30℃6个梯度恒温对前裂长管茧蜂生长发育与繁殖的影响.结果表明:在试验温度范围内,前裂长管茧蜂的世代发育历期随着温度的升高而缩短,发育历期由15℃时的45.7d降至30℃时的15.2d.温度过低或过高对前裂长管茧蜂的生长发育均有一定的抑制作用,15℃与30℃时寄生蜂的幼期存活率分别为10.2%和31.3%,而在24～27℃时,幼期存活率维持在50%左右.在试验设定的温度范围内,前裂长管茧蜂成蜂的寿命随着温度的升高而缩短,雌蜂的寿命稍高于雄蜂.前裂长管茧蜂的繁殖力以24℃时最高,能繁育74.2个后代,其次为27、21与18℃,分别能繁育53.4、35.7与31.6个后代,而在其他温度条件下,前裂长管茧蜂繁育的后代不超过20个.在15～24℃的范围内,种群中雌性比率随着温度的升高而增加,在24℃时最高为0.59;在21～27℃范围内,后代种群中以雌性个体为主.从综合反映昆虫种群生长发育与繁殖情况的指标内禀增长率来看,27℃时的内禀增长率最高,为0.1318;其次为24、21、30与18℃,相应的内禀增长率分别为0.1239、0.0747、0.0318和0.0187.而15℃时的内禀增长率与种群趋势指数分别为-0.0240和0.8,种群数量呈负增长趋势.24～27℃是前裂长管茧蜂生长发育与繁殖的适宜温区.

A laboratory experiment was conducted to investigate the growth and reproduction of Dia- chasmimorpha longicaudata （Hymenoptera： Braconidae） reared on the 3rd instar larvae of Bactro- cera dorsalis （Diptera： Tephritidae） at 15, 18, 21, 24, 27, and 30 %. Within the range of test temperatures, the generational development time shortened with increasing temperature, from about 45.7 days at 15 ℃ to 15.2 days at 30 ℃. Excessively low or high temperature had definite inhibi- tion effect on the development of D. longicaudata. At 15 ℃ and 30 ℃, the survival rate of D. longicaudata at immature stages （i. e. , from egg to adult） was 10.2% and 31.3%, respectively; while at 24-27 ℃, the survival rate was above 50%. The longevity of D. longicaudata decreased with increasing temperature, and that of the females was usually longer than that of the males. The fecundity of D. longicaudata was the highest （74.2 progenies） at 24 ℃, followed by at 27 ℃ （53.4 progenies）, at 21 ℃ （35.7 progenies）, and at 18 ℃ （31.6 progenies）. At 15 ℃ and 30 ℃, no more than 20 progenies were observed. At 15-24 ℃, the female/male ratio increased with increasing temperature, being the highest （0.59） at 24 ℃ ; at 21-27 ℃, females predomina- ted in the progenies populations. The intrinsic increase rate （rm） was the highest （0. 1318） at 27 ℃, followed by at 24 ℃ （0. 1239）, at 21 ℃ （0.0747）, at 30 ℃ （0. 0318）, and at 18 ℃ （0. 0187）. At 15 ℃, the intrinsic increase rate and population trend index were -0. 0240 and 0. 8, respectively, indicating that the population at this temperature presented a negative increasingtrend. The favorite temperature range for the development and reproduction of D. longicaudata was from 24 ℃ to 27 ℃.