宁津近岸海域大型底栖动物生态学特征和季节变化

Ecological characteristics and seasonal variation of macrobenthos near the Ningjin coastal water of Shandong, East China

宁津海域位于山东半岛东端,南北黄海交界处.根据2007年1、4、7及10月4个航次(冬、春、夏、秋)对宁津近岸海域大型底栖动物调查资料,采用优势度指数、物种多样性指数、丰富度指数、均匀度指数,Bray-Curtis相似性聚类分析以及MDS标序等方法,分析了该区域内大型底栖动物的生态学特点和季节变化.结果表明:该区域共采集到大型底栖动物243种,其中多毛类动物96种;软体动物43种;甲壳动物77种;棘皮动物13种;其他类群动物14种.各季度优势种有变化也有重叠,拟特须虫和日本倍棘蛇尾为4个季度共有优势种.调查海域年平均生物量为9.5g·m-2,最高生物量出现在春季,最低出现在冬季;年平均丰度为219.6ind·m-2,最高丰度出现在冬季,最低出现在秋季.物种多样性指数(H)变化范围2.82～3.23,物种丰富度指数(D)2.28～2.75,物种均匀度指数(J)0.82～0.86.聚类分析结果表明,4个航次群落分布格局均包含近岸群落和远岸群落;大型底栖动物群落结构与水深和底质等环境因子密切相关.

The coastal water off Ningjin is located at the eastern end of the Shandong Peninsula, the boundary of the Northern and Southern Yellow Sea. In this paper, the ecological characteristics and seasonal variation of macrobenthic community in this region were studied, based on the investigation data collected from the four cruises in January （winter）, April （spring）, July （summer）, and Oc- tober （autumn）, 2007. A total of 243 macrobenthic species were identified, of which, 96 species were of Polychaeta, 77 were of Crustacea, 43 were of Mollusca, 13 were of Echinodermata, and the rest 14 species were of other benthic groups. The dominant species varied with seasons, but Parala- cydonia paradoxa （Polychaeta） and Amphioplus japonicus （Echinodermata） were dominant through- out the four seasons. The average biomass of the macrobenthos estimated from the four cruises was 9.5 g ~ m-2, with the highest biomass during the spring cruise and the lowest one during the winter cruise. The average abundance estimated from the four cruises was 219.6 ind . m-2, with the high- est abundance during the winter cruise and the lowest one during the autumn cruise. The Shannon index （H） of the macrobenthos community varied from 2.82 to 3.23, the species richness index （D） varied from 2.28 to 2.75, and the species evenness index （J） varied from 0.82 to 0.86. The Bray-Curtis similarity cluster analysis and MDS ordination analyses indicated that there was a dis- tinct distribution of macrobenthic communities from seashore to offshore, which was closely correla- ted with the spatial structure of bathymetry and the sediment type in the study region.