振流式精密播种装置种层厚度检测及控制系统研制

Detection and control system of seed-layers thickness for vibration-flow precision seeder

为提高振流式精密播种装置的播种合格率和播种稳定性,减少种子流动性的不同对播种合格率的影响,研制了基于超声波传感器的种层厚度检测和控制系统,对播种过程中的播种量实现全程监控和自动控制。试验表明:自动控制系统能有效检测出匀种装置筛分板上种层厚度的变化,并根据播种时种子流动性的不同,调整供种装置的振动幅度和频率,使种层厚度保持在设定的范围之内,调整时间约为4.32s;且当种子流动差异性过大时能有效报警;采用检测和控制系统后振流式精密播种装置杂交稻2～5粒/穴或取秧面积的播种合格率由80.1%提升到87.3%。该研究为杂交稻精密育秧播种装置的研究奠定了基础。

In order to improve sowing qualified rate and stability of vibration-flow precision seeder, and reduce the effect of sowing qualified rate with the difference of seeds fluidity, a detection and control system of seed-layers thickness based on ultrasonic sensor was designed. With the system, seed-flow in the process of sowing was whole detected and automatic controlled. The results showed that the system could effectively detect the change of seed-layers thickness on the screening plate, and adjust the vibration amplitude and frequence of seeds-supply device based on different seeds fluidity to make sure that seed-layers thickness was kept in the setting range, and adjusting time was about 4.32 s after correction; When the difference of seeds fluidity was too large, alarm system was started; After the system was installed, sowing qualified rate of hybrid rice （2-5 grain per point） was improved from 80.1% to 87.3%. The research laid a foundation for further study of hybrid rice precision seeding apparatus.