中草药提取物对怀牛膝根结线虫的田间药效

Field Trials of Chinese Herbs Extracts against Root-knot Nematode of Achyranthes bidentata

为了替代高毒性、高残留的化学杀线剂,研究了黄姜、徐长卿、藜芦、喜树4种中草药提取物对怀牛膝根结线虫的田间防治效果。结果表明,黄姜和徐长卿提取物防治效果较好,根结减少率分别达到88.87%和86.66%,病级下降了3级以上,根长增长率为66.58%和62.18%,根鲜质量增长率为92.55%和93.23%,株高增长率为73.01%和73.64%,地上部鲜质量增长率为82.35%和81.09%,产量及齐墩果酸含量相比对照(水)也极显著提高。研究还发现,怀牛膝根结数与主根根长、根鲜质量、株高、地上部鲜质量、产量均呈极显著的负相关。总之,根结线虫会严重影响怀牛膝的生长发育,应用4种中草药提取物均能够有效防治怀牛膝根结线虫病。

In order to replace the chemical nematicides of high toxicity and high residue, the field trials were conducted to study the control effect of four Chinese herbs extracts,Dioscorea zingibe- rensis C. H. Wright, Cynanchum paniculatum （Bunge） Kitagawa, Veratrum nigrum L., and Camptotheca acuminate Decne. , against root-knot nematode of Achyranthes bidentata B1.. The results showed that the control effects of D. zingiberensis and C. paniculatum were better. In the two treatments,the decrease rates of root-knot were 88.87% and 86.66%,the disease-class de- clined more than three, the growth rate of the main root length were 66.58% and 62. 18%, the growth rate of the root fresh weight were 92. 55% and 93. 23%,the growth rate of the plant height were 73.01% and 73.64% ,the growth rate of the aboveground fresh weight were 82.35% and 81.09%, and the production and content of oleanolic acid raised significantly. There was an obvious negative correlation between the number of root knot of A. bidentata and the main root length,the root fresh weight, the plant height, the aboveground fresh weight, as well as output. Root-knot nematode seriously affects the growth of A. bidentata, and the four Chinese herbs ex- tracts could control the disease effectively.