考虑环保产业发展下的环境政策工具优化选择

Optimal Choice of Environmental Policy Instruments Considering Eco-industry Development

采用博弈论的研究思想,运用最优规划的方法,在促进环保产业发展的情境下,研究环境政策工具的优化选择问题。得出以下结论:为促使环保产业发展,必须对污染企业采用环境管制措施;在完全竞争市场,最优排污税和减排补贴等于边际污染损失,此时仅排污税能使经济达到最优状态;在不完全竞争市场,排污税和减排补贴都仅使经济达到次优状态,并且税率或补贴率受市场竞争程度的影响。无论在何种市场结构下,政府均可对污染企业采用排污税和减排补贴的政策组合,或者对污染企业征收排污税而对环保企业进行补贴,从而使经济达到最优状态,但后者的政策组合工具更有利于促进环保产业的发展。

Through the game theory and optimal planning method,this paper researches on the optimal choice of environmental policy instruments considering eco-industry and some conclusions have been drawn： In order to promote development of eco-industry,pollution firms must be regulated.In perfect competition,optimal emission tax rate and abatement subsidy rate are equal to marginal pollution losses,but only emission taxes can make the economy achieve the best.In imperfect competition,optimal emission tax rate and abatement subsidy rate are related with market competition,which makes the economy achieve the second-best.Regardless of the market structure,government can levy emission taxes on and subsidize abatement to pollution firms,or levy emission taxes on pollution firms and subsidize eco-industry,which both make the economy achieve the best.With a view to development of eco-industry,the optimal environmental policies are levying emission taxes on pollution firms and subsidizing eco-industry.