子宫内膜癌与子宫内膜增生过长病变超声与病理对比分析

Comparison of color Doppler ultrasound and pathology in endometrial cancer and endometrial hyperplasia

目的探讨子宫内膜癌与子宫内膜增生过长病变超声与病理学表现及超声提示子宫内膜癌的诊断指征。方法对病理证实的209例子宫内膜癌及子宫内膜增生过长患者(子宫内膜癌组101例,子宫内膜增生组108例)的子宫内膜病变超声声像图表现、子宫内膜病变内血流动力学特点及病理检查结果进行对比分析。结果子宫内膜癌组和子宫内膜增生组患者子宫内膜病变超声及病理学表现:(1)子宫腔回声厚径:超声声像图示子宫内膜癌组101例患者子宫腔回声厚径为4.60～59.00mm,平均(20.00±0.92)mm,子宫内膜增生组108例患者子宫腔回声厚径为3.80～43.90mm,平均(12.53±5.71)mm,两组患者子宫腔回声平均厚径比较差异有统计学意义(t=6.362,P<0.01)。(2)子宫内膜病变血流动力学特点:子宫内膜癌组21例患者(21/101,20.79%)子宫内膜病变呈高阻力动脉血流[阻力指数(RI)≥0.5],31例(31/101,30.69%)呈低阻力动脉血流(RI<0.5),37例(37/101,36.63%)呈高低阻力动脉血流共存;子宫内膜增生组77例患者(77/108,71.3%)子宫内膜病变呈高阻力动脉血流(RI≥0.5),6例(6/108,5.56%)呈低阻力动脉血流(RI<0.5),17例(17/108,15.74%)呈高低阻力动脉血流共存;子宫内膜癌组患者子宫内膜病变呈高阻力动脉血流的检出率(20.79%,21/101)低于子宫内膜增生组(71.30%,77/108),而子宫内膜病变呈低阻力及高低阻力动脉血流共存的检出率(36.63%,37/101)高于子宫内膜增生组(15.74%,17/101)。(3)子宫内膜病变病理诊断结果 :两组209例患者(子宫内膜癌组101例患者中全切子宫88例,宫腔镜手术活检8例,诊断性刮宫5例;子宫内膜增生组108例患者中全切子宫11例,宫腔镜手术活检78例,诊断性刮宫19例)病理镜下示子宫内膜癌组49例(49/101,48.51%)癌与子宫内膜增生过长病变并存,其余病灶癌旁可见子宫内膜单纯性(1例)、复杂性(1例)、非典型性增生病变(4例)和增殖期(5例)与萎缩性子宫内膜(17例),而子宫内膜增生组患者病理镜下示子宫内膜呈单纯性(89例)、复杂性(11例)和非典型性增生病变(8例)。208例患者子宫内膜病变术前诊断性刮宫提示子宫内膜单纯性增生过长90例(全切子宫病理诊断为子宫内膜癌1例,1/90,1.10%)、子宫内膜复杂性增生过长12例(全切子宫病理诊断为子宫内膜癌1例,1/12,8.33%)、子宫内膜不典型增生12例(全切子宫病理诊断为子宫内膜癌4例,4/12,33.33%)。超声与病理对比分析结果显示,诊断性刮宫提示子宫内膜不典型增生的符合率(33.33%)明显多于子宫内膜复杂性增生过长(8.33%)和子宫内膜单纯性增生过长(1.10%)。结论超声检查高度怀疑子宫内膜癌的诊断指征为:(1)宫腔回声增厚伴有低阻力动脉血流或高低阻力动脉血流并存;(2)宫腔回声增厚伴高阻力动脉血流(RI≥0.5),且该病例诊断性刮宫病理诊断为子宫内膜不典型增生;(3)超声检查提示子宫内膜息肉样病变,且该病例诊断性诊刮病理诊断为子宫内膜不典型增生。

Objective To investigate the sonographic and pathological appearance of endometrial cancer and hyperplasia.Methods The sonographic appearances,hemodynamic changes were analyzed and compared with pathological findings in two hundreds and nine patients with pathological confirmed endometrial cancer（101 patients）and endometrial hyperplasia（108 patients）.Results The measurements of the uterine cavity thickness[4.60-59.00 mm,mean（20.00±0.92）mm]by ultrasound in endometrial cancer group were greater than the[3.80-43.90 mm,mean（12.53±5.71）mm]endometrial hyperplasia group.In endometrial cancer groups,the cases（21/101,20.79%）with high resistance index（RI≥0.5）of the uterus cavity were less than that（77/108,71.30%）in endometrial hyperplasia group,but the cases（31/102,30.69%）with low RI（RI0.5）and the cases（37/101,36.63%）with high low RI were more than that in endometrial hyperplasia group.Pathology examination：the cases with both endometrial cancer and hyperplasia were about 48.51%（49/101）in cancer group.Of all the 209 cases,the dilation curettage pathology showed endometrial hyperplasia,but the resected uterus showed endometrial cancer in 4 cases with atypical hyperplasia（4/12,33.33%）,in 1 case with complex hyperplasia（1/12,8.33%）and in 1 case with simple hyperplasia in（1/90,1.10%）.Conclusions Ultrasonogrphic features of suspicious endometrial cancer include increased uterus cavity thickness with low RI and high low RI,increased uterus cavity thickness with high RI（RI≥0.5）,diagnosis cuttage confirmed endometrial atypical hyperplasia,endometrial polypoid lesion in ultrasound imaging with a diagnostic cuttage result of endometrial atypical hyperplasia.