美国航空运输安全监管体系发展研究

Study on development of safety oversight system of air transportation in the United States

为了提高我国航空运输安全水平,政府安全监管体系需要进一步完善,研究美国航空运输安全监管体系的发展规律及经验可为我国提供有益借鉴。着重对美国监管机构变化、监管方法变化、监管手段变化与事故率变化之间的关系加以研究,分析得出发生在美国历史上的特定的监管机构变化、监管方法变化及监管手段变化都对安全水平提高起到了明显积极作用。结果表明,以行业发展变化为驱动而发生的以实施风险管理为目的的监管机构变革、系统安全方法的应用及不断推广、更加深入广泛地利用信息技术改进监管手段,可以对安全水平的提高起到积极作用。此外,监管体系的设计还应从更高的层面考虑,将其应用于对监管当局自身安全管理能力的持续提高。

In order to improve the air transportation safety level of China,the air transportation safety oversight system of governmentshould be improved.Studying the law and the experience of the air transportation oversight system in the United States can provide a good reference for China.The relationships among the oversight organization changes,the oversight methodology changes,the oversight method changes and the accident rate changes in the history of United States were studied.The results showed that specific cases in changes of oversight organization,oversight methodology and oversight methods improved safety level.It showed that the oversight system changes are driven by the industry changes,the oversight organization change which is oriented by the risk management,the oversight methodology change that system safety is adopted,the oversight method change that the information technology is implemented deeper and wider in the oversight field can improve the industry safety level.Furthermore,the government oversight system should be designed at a higher level that the output of the oversight system should feed to the government agency＇s management system to improve the safety management capability of the oversight agency itself.