毕达哥拉斯“万物皆数”思想蕴含的理性特征

The Rational Characteristics Involved in the Conception 'Everything Is Mathematic'of Pythagoras School

西方哲学传统主要是在"知"的真理性和逻辑性的基础上肯定"理"的必然性.毕达哥拉斯学派从"数"的角度感知世界.把非物质的、抽象的数夸大为宇宙的本原,认为万物皆数,用数来解释一切.宣称数是宇宙万物的本原,而整个宇宙是数及其关系的和谐的体系,是普遍的始原,是自然界中对立性和否定性的原则.毕达哥拉斯学派通过"数"认知世界,又通过对"数"的性质的阐述与研究,将数的理论(算术)、几何学、音乐、球面学(天文学)一起,构建该学派的哲学思想体系.

According to occidental philosophy, people accept the necessity of law on the basis of the factuality and logicality of cognition, while the Pythagoras School gets to know the world in the view of ＇ digit＇, explains everything by it and announces that digit is the origin of the universe. At the same time, the universal is the concordant system consisted of the digits and their relationships, as well as the principle of contrariety and negativity. The Pythagoras School gets to know the world via ＇digit＇ and by means of studying the nature of digits, it combines theory （algebras）, geometry, music and astronomy to build its own philosophy body.