口服福尔马林对绵羊瘤胃微生物群落和瘤胃代谢的影响

Effects of Oral Administration of Formalin on the Microbial Population and Metabolism of Rumen in Sheep

选取4只1.5岁龄,体重约45kg,装置了永久性瘤胃瘘管的小尾寒羊公羊,研究两种日粮条件下口服福尔马林(0.9mL/kg日粮,干物质计)对绵羊瘤胃微生物区系和代谢的影响。结果表明,粗料型日粮条件下,对照期和试验期绵羊自由采食量分别为(1188.9±168.3),(1520.3±245.1)g/d(P<0.01);瘤胃液原虫总数分别为(8.24×105±1.74×105),(5.75×105±0.64×105)CFU/mL(P<0.05);细菌总数分别为(127.20×109±13.40×109),(181.10×109±38.10×109)CFU/mL(P<0.05);总挥发脂肪酸分别为(78.60±3.50),(89.60±4.95)mmol/L(P<0.05);氨态氮浓度分别为(20.70±10.70),(16.10±8.84)mg/100mL(P<0.05);甲醛浓度分别为(23.00±1.80),(41.00±1.46)mg/L(P<0.01)。精料型日粮条件下,对照期和试验期绵羊自由采食量分别为(2037.1±299.3),(2160.5±437.6)g/d(P>0.05);瘤胃液原虫总数分别为(12.40×105±2.61×105),(5.63×105±1.87×105)CFU/mL(P<0.05);细菌总数分别为(120.70×109±25.20×109)CFU/mL,(196.30×109±78.90×109)CFU/mL(P<0.05);总挥发性酸分别为(112.90±5.78),(117.20±3.09)mmol/L(P>0.05);氨态氮浓度分别为(14.30±1.44),(14.3±2.05)mg/100mL(P>0.05);甲醛浓度分别为(23.33±1.38),(32.70±2.88)mg/L(P<0.05)。研究表明,绵羊口服福尔马林(0.9mL/kg日粮)后自由采食量增加,瘤胃液原虫数量减少,但细菌总数增加(除大杆菌外);绵羊口服福尔马林后提高瘤胃液挥发性脂肪酸浓度和降低氨态氮浓度的作用方面粗料型日粮强于精料型日粮;绵羊瘤胃中天然有甲醛存在,绵羊口服福尔马林后则浓度升高。

Four Small Tail Han Sheep rams,45 kg body weight, 1.5-year-old, with the rumen canula,were fed with two diets for studying the effect of oral administration of formalin at the dose of 0 （control） and 0.9 mL/kg ration on the microbial population and metabolism of rumen. The results showed that in the condition of roughage-type diet, the voluntary intake of sheep in control group and experiment group were （1188.9±168.3） and （1520.3±245.1） g/d （P 〈 0.01） respectively; the total amount of protozoa in ru- men fluid was （8.24× 105 ±1.74× 10^5）CFU/mL and （5.75 × 10^5 10.64× 10^5）CFU/mL （P 〈 0.05） re-（20.70±10.70） and （16. 10±8.84 was （23.00±1.80） and （41.04±1.46） centratetype diet,the voluntary intake ） mg/100mL （P 〈 0.05） respectively; the concentration of formalin 46） mg/L （P 〈 0.01） respectively. However, in the condition of con- of sheep in control group and experiment group was （2037. 1±299.3）and （2160.5±437.6） g/d （P 〉 0.05） respectively;the total amount of protozoa were （12.40× 10^5 ±2.61× 105） and （5.63× 105 ± 1.87 × 105）CFU/mL （P 〉 0.05） respectively; the total amount of bacteria were （120.70×109±33. 0× 109） and （196.30×109 ±82.30× 109）CFU/mL （P 〈 0.05） respectively;the con- centrations of total VFA were （112.90±5.78） and （117.20±3.09）mmol/L （P 〉 0.05） respectively; the concentration of ammonia nitrogen was （14.30±1.44） and （14.30±2.05）mg/100mL （P 〉 0.05） respectively; the concentration of formalin was （23.33±1.38） and （32.70±2.88）mg/L （P 〈 0.05） respective- ly. It is concluded that after oral administration of formalin by sheep, the voluntary intake is increased, the amount of protozoa of rumen is decreased,however the total amount of bacteria in rumen is increased （except the large bacillus coli） ; this effect in the condition of increasing the rumen fluid concentration of vata- tile delspray,after oral administration of formalin was stronger in sheep fed with roughage-type diet than that with concentrate-type diet;formaldehyde is naturally existing in sheep rumen,and its concentration is increased after formalin administration.