呼和浩特市白塔机场气象观测要素分析

Analysis on Meteorological Observation Elements of Baita Airport in Hohhot

利用呼和浩特市白塔机场气象站1977—2010年月平均最高、最低气温,月降水量资料和1979—2010年月平均风速资料,分析了近34a气象要素变化特征。得出:呼和浩特白塔机场近34a来,(1)年平均气温、年降水量都没有明显的变化趋势,进入21世纪以来气候变率明显变大,气候不稳定性增加;(2)气温的年日较差明显增大,气候倾向率为0.4℃/10a;(3)年平均相对湿度在三个时段存在不同的变化特征;(4)年平均风速呈现出明显的减小趋势,平均每10a减小了0.3m.s-1。(5)四个要素中,气温年日较差由小变大的突变特征最为明显,1990年前后出现突变点;平均风速则存在由大转小的突变过程,突变时间点在1996年;年平均气温由低向高的突变过程较弱,且持续时间较短;年降水量和年平均相对湿度在近34a里均不存在气候突变现象,气候状态相对稳定。呼和浩特机场气候与市区气候存在明显的差异,还需进一步深入分析。

Based on the monthly average maximum temperature, minimum temperature, monthly precipitation from 1977 to 2010and monthly average wind data from 1979 to 2010 of Hohhot Baita Airport Meteorological station, the features of the meteorological element changes the was analyzed in recent 34years. The conclusion was that in recent 34 years at Hohhot Baita Airport, there was no obvious increase or decrease tendency with the annual average temperature and water fall. But since this century the climate change rate is obviously increasing, along with the climate unsteadiness; Annual temperature difference was obviously increasing, Climate tendency rate was 0.4℃/10a; the annual average relative humidity had different features in three phases; Annual mean wind velocity shows obvious decreasing tendency, averagely each 10a decreases to 0.3m/s. Among the four elements, annual temperature difference from small to big is the most obvious, the mutational site occurred in before and after 1990; the average wind velocity has a mutation process from strong to weak, the mutational site was in 1996; The mutation process from low to high of the annual average temperature was a bit weak, and lasted for a short time; annual waterfall and annual average humidity had no mutation in recent 34 years, the climate condition was steady relatively. There are obvious differences between the climate of Hohhot Airport and the downtown, further analysis on it is needed.