决策环境风险评估的重点领域及实施建议

Key Areas and Corresponding Proposals of Decision-making for Environmental Risk Evaluation in China's Mainland

环境风险评估是防范决策失误对人群健康和自然环境造成严重损害的重要决策辅助手段。欧美国家由于战略环评涵盖的决策类型较多,并且不同程度地建立了公共政策评估制度,因而防范决策环境风险的能力已经大大提高。反观我国,由于决策体制机制不完善,战略环评参与综合决策的广度、深度不足,缺乏规范的政策评估制度等原因,因而防范决策环境风险的能力总体较低。为此,从贯彻落实科学发展观和依法治国基本方略的高度出发,我国急需建立决策环境风险评估机制。基于以上考虑,本文对当前正在实施的重大战略、主要规划及公共政策三类主要决策进行了系统梳理,提出了应该开展决策环境风险评估的优先领域,以及重大决策环境风险评估的实施建议。

Environmental risk evaluation is an important decisionmaking support tool that can prevent major environmental problems initially. In many developed countries such as USA, French, Japan, etc. , Strategic Environmental Assessment （SEA） covers most tiers of the decisionmaking and the public policy evaluation system also has been installed on the whole. But for China's Mainland, only some plans are required for SEA so far and the public policy evaluation system hasnt been installed. Therefore China's Mainland needs to promote environmental risk evaluation urgently. In this context, the present paper has analyzed the main strategies, plans and policies in China's Mainland and identified the key areas for environmental risk evaluation. In addition, the corresponding proposals about how to conduct environmental risk evaluation also have been put forward.