近50年来哈尔滨市沙尘暴发生规律及气象特征研究

The spatial and temporal distribution of dust-storm and its meteorological in Harbin

利用哈尔滨市地面气象站1961年-2010年观测数据,分析了哈尔滨市沙尘暴的时空变化规律、研究了气象特征与下垫面的关系,结果表明:1)哈尔滨市沙尘暴的发生规律存在年代际变化,进入21世纪后,有上升的趋势。2)研究区沙尘暴发生次数与大风日数、风速风向、气温等气象条件存在着较好的相关性,且认为影响哈尔滨市沙尘暴的主要风向为西南风。3)通过与下垫面地貌因子的组合关系的分析,认为远距离沙源地有科尔沁沙地、浑善达克沙地,近源主要为哈尔滨市周围的耕地和沙化地,这也是哈尔滨沙尘天气主要为扬沙和浮尘的重要原因。

The spatial and temporal distribution of dust,weather conditions and the relationship with underlying surface were analyzed using 1961-2010 ground observation data of meteorological stations in Harbin.Conclusions are as follows：（1）The occurrence of sandstorm in Harbin showed an upward trend,dominated by sand and dust in the 21st century.（2）Sandstorms in Harbin were potentially related with strong wind days,wind speed,wind direction and temperature,and dominated by southwest wind.（3）It turned out that long-distance sand sources were Horqin sandy land and Otindag sandy land,and nearly sources were mainly farmland and desertification place around Harbin by analyzing the combination of underlying surface topography factors.