2CHEN DZ, XU YK. MRI progress of avascular necrosis of femoral head [J]. Foreign Medical Sciences Clinical Radiological Fascicle, 2004,27(2):106.
3Matsuo K, Hirohata T, Sugioka Y, et al, Influence of alcohol intake, cigarette smoking, and occupational status on idiopathic osteonecrosis of the femoral head. Clin Orthop, 1988, (234): 115-123.
4Gillespy T 3rd, Genant HK, Helms CA. Magnetic resonance imaging of osteonecrosis. Radiol Clin North Am, 1986, 24:193-208.
5Fisher DE, Bickel WH. Cortcosteroid-induced avascular necrosis: a clinical study of seventy-seven patients. J Bone Joint Surg Am,1971, 53:859-873.
6Solomon L. Drug-induced arthropathy and necrosis of the femoral head. J Bone Joint Surg Br, 1973, 55: 246-61.
7Berquist TH, ed. MRI of the musculoskeletal system. 2nd ed.Philadelphia: Wilkins, 1990. 241-257.
8Smith SR, Williams CE, Davies JM, et al. Bone marrow disorders:characterization with quantitative MR imaging. Radiology, 1989,172:805-810.
9Dihlmann W. CT analysis of the upper end of the femur: the asterisk sign and ischemic bone necrosis of the femoral head. Skeletal Radiol, 1982, 8:251-258.
10Ficat RP. Treatment of avascular necrosis of the femoral head. Hip,1983, 2:279-295.