海南苦瓜主要病虫害的发生及防治技术

Occurrence and control techniques of major diseases and insect pests of bitter gourd in Hainan Province

海南省是我国最重要的外运型瓜菜基地之一,苦瓜是其中的主要冬种瓜菜种类,苦瓜连作及海南地区高温高湿的气候条件容易造成苦瓜病虫害的发生与蔓延。文章介绍了海南苦瓜主要病虫害的发生特点及防治方法,提出在苦瓜病虫害防治中应重点采取培育和种植高抗、优质苦瓜品种,加强栽培管理、提高栽培水平,调整种植结构,避免瓜类作物连作和病虫害物理防治等措施,以促进海南省瓜菜生产的可持续发展。

Hainan Province is one of the most important export bases for cucurbits and vegetables in China; bitter gourd is one of the main winter-planting cucurbit and vegetable types, but continuous cropping of bitter gourd, high tem- perature, and humid climate conditions in Hainan Province can easily attract diseases and insect pests against bitter gourd growth. The present study focused on the occurrence characteristics and control methods of major diseases and insect pests of bitter gourd in Hainan Province. Comprehensive prevention and control measures should be adopted in the production of bitter gourd to promote the sustainable development in cucurbits and vegetables production of Hainan Province. The pro- duction measures included breeding and planting high-resistant and fine-quality bitter gourd varieties, strengthening the cultivation management, improving the cultivation level, adjusting crop production structure, avoiding continuous crop- ping, and using physical control on diseases and insect pests.