贵港市大宗农产品生产成本调查与分析

Investigation and analysis on the production cost of primary agricultural products in Guigang City

【目的】了解贵港市农户的农业生产成本及收益情况,为促进农民增收及政府决策提供参考。【方法】于2008～2009年通过农业资源公里网点监测体系,采用随机抽样方法调查贵港市辖的桂平市、平南县、港北区、港南区和覃塘区的60个乡(镇)112个行政村235户农户生产情况、种养业生产成本和构成现状。【结果】农业大宗农产品为水稻、甘蔗、玉米、花生、蔬菜、蚕桑、生猪、家禽和水产品。种植业的化肥、种子种苗和农药支出分别占种植现金投入成本的40%～60%、5%～30%和7%～20%;养殖业成本中饲料投入占76%以上;脱离农业的平均机会成本为5346元。【建议】按资源优势进行种植业产业布局,积极扶持畜牧养殖小区;加大政府对农业生产的支持力度,降低农业生产成本;强化农业科技支持,健全农业服务体系;健全土地流转机制,推进土地规模化经营,以促进贵港市农业增效、农民增收。

[Objective]This study was conducted in order to investigate agricultural production cost and farmers＂ in- come in Guigang City in order to provide references for policy making and to increase farmers＇ income. [Method]The kilo- meter network monitoring technology method and random sampling method were used to investigate the production status, external costs, and cost composition of plant farming and poultry breeding industries of 235 peasant households, ranging from 112 villages to 60 towns in Guiping County, Pingnan County, Gangbei District, Gangnan District, and Qintang Dis- trict in Guigang City from 2008-2009. [ Result ]Primary agricultural products in Guigang were rice, sugar cane, corn, peanut, vegetable, sericulture, pig, poultry, and aquatic products. The expenses of fertilizers, seeds and seedlings, and pesticide accounted for 40-60%, 5-30%, and 7-20% of the total expenditure cost respectively; the feeding cost account- ed for more than 76% in the total industry cost. The average opportunity cost was 5,346 Yuan. [Suggestion]It was sug- gested that, in order to improve the efficiency of agricultural production and increase farmers income in Guigang City, the rational arrangement of farming production depended on gaining resource advantage, supporting the community of poultry and livestock, strengthening government＇s support for agricultural production, decreasing agricultural production cost, re- inforcing agricultural science and technology support, improving agricultural service system and land transfer mechanism, conducting large-scale operation, etc.