《慎宜轩日记》所见清末民初士人的心性修养与健康维护

The Mind Cultivation and Health Maintenance of Chinese Intellectuals in Late Qing Dynasty and Early Republic Observed from Shen Yi Xuan Diary

从《慎宜轩日记》可见,在晚清桐城世家中,理学修养功夫依然得以传衍,包括行"功过格"、静坐、记日记和传观日记、读名儒语录等。作者姚永概以理学功夫克制自身"易怒"之性格并反省名儒语录以保持内心之平静,逢家庭重大变故之时,则诵佛经,以克制烦躁、保持内心平静,这些行为显示出理学与佛教在日常生活中具有维护心理健康的功能。姚氏对于日常身体健康甚为重视,随时归纳和总结"养生之道"。姚氏家族周围中医众多,家中备有民间流行的医书,遇小病则查医书自治,同时,亦开始购买和阅读西医书籍,并入西医院求医。姚氏医疗行为显示,清末民初时期西医正逐渐深入中国社会,但同时中医亦有市场,当时的士人更多的是根据自身需要选择医疗处所。

Form Shen Yi Xuan Diary, we can see that the selfcultivation skill of Neo-Confucianism was still persisted by the member of Tong-Cheng family, which including recording the “Gong-Guo-Ge”, sitting still, writing a diary and commentting it by each other, reading famous Confucian＇s Quotations and so on. The author of the Diary, Yao Yong-gai, restrainted his “irritability” character by the selfcultivation skill of NeoConfucianism , calmed his mind by introspection famous Confucian＇s Quotations and read aloud Buddhist scriptures to keep peace of his mind when there were accidents in his family, which showed that NeoConfucianism and Buddhism had the function of maintaining mental health in daily life. Yao also payed attention to his physical health and summarized the “the method of keeping good health”at any time. There were lots of Chinese medicines arounding Yao＇s family and some traditional popular medical books in his home, and he also started to buy and read Western medicine books and went to the Western hospitals for treatment. Yao＇s medical acts showed that Western medicine is gradually deep into Chinese society during the late Qing and Early Republic, while Chinese medicine also had its market.