网络心理咨询伦理问题的定性研究

Ethical issues of online counseling:A qualitative research

目的:探索即时文字网络心理咨询特有的伦理问题,为制定网络心理咨询伦理规范提供依据。方法:选取自愿参加研究的10名网络心理咨询师所做的10个即时文字网络咨询案例,研究者参加网络咨询师的小组督导讨论8次,每次2～4 h,综合考虑督导讨论中重复出现和反复阅读咨询文本两种途径,最后由3位研究者共同讨论确定伦理议题,并从咨询文本中选取典型性对话进行分析。结果:与网络心理咨询相关的伦理议题包括4方面。①在网络咨询中咨询师以真实身份与来访者建立关系,来访者须提供必要的真实信息;②咨访双方注意选择网络咨询的地点、时间并避免多任务操作以保证咨询设置;③网络咨询对网络平台及咨询记录有特殊的保密要求;④危机个案应有专门的应急方案并及时转为线下干预。结论:网络心理咨询伦理规范在咨询关系、咨询设置、保密性以及危机干预方面有独特性。

Objective： To explore the special ethical issues of instant text-based online counseling in order to provide basis for establishing the ethical regulations. Methods： Totally 10 counselors and their clients entered into this research with informed consent. The authors participated in the online counselors＇group supervision for 8 times and each supervision lasted 2 to 4 hours. According to the ethical issue discussed and emerged from counseling text, the ethical issues were conformed finally by three authors, then the typical dialogue extracted from counseling text were analyzed. Results： Four ethical issues in the online counseling were extracted, i. e., counselors should enter in- to the professional relationship with true identity, client should provide essential information at the same time; both counselors and clients should pay attention to counseling place and time, and avoid multitask for counseling set- tings; professional confidential rules of online counseling were required on aspects of counseling platform and coun- seling record storage; online counselors should prepare emergency plans for crisis cases and transfer to offline pre- vention on time when needed. Conclusion： Professional ethical regulations of online counseling is probably unique in counseling relation, setting, security and crisis intervention.