焦点解决取向治疗在即时文字网络心理咨询中应用的初探

A pilot study of solution-focused brief therapy in instant text-based online counseling

目的:探讨焦点解决取向在即时文字网络心理咨询中的适用性以及具体技术的使用情况,研究网络心理咨询可采用的理论取向。方法:对3例来访者使用焦点解决取向治疗方法,并在咨询后对来访者进行半结构式访谈。将访谈文字稿及咨询记录文本作为研究资料进行定性分析。结果:焦点解决取向运用于即时文字网络心理咨询中,其咨询策略与方法的适用性有:一小步的改变、不追溯过去、鼓励与理解、来访者语言的使用;"评估问句"、"例外问句"、"重新建构"是适用较好的技术;"奇迹问句"、"关系问句"等在网络心理咨询中不太适合。结论:焦点解决取向可能在网络咨询中有较好的适用性,比较适合网络咨询中文字沟通的特点,而对咨询技术的使用要慎重选择。

Objective： To examine the suitability of utilizing solution-focused brief therapy in instant text- based online counseling and the usage of the specific technologies, and to explore theoretical approach suitable for online counseling. Methods： Three clients received the solution-focused and instant text-based online counse- ling. After each section, the clients were interviewed with a semi-structured questionnaire. The transcripts from inter- view were analyzed. Results： While applying the solution-focused brief counseling in instant text-based online coun- seling, the most suitable strategies and techniques included ＂a small changes will lead to big changes＂,＂ don＇t look backward＂, ＂be encouraged and understood＂, and ＂use of the language of the clients＂. The skills of ＂scaling ques- tions＂, ＂exception questions＂ and ＂reframing＂ had better practical application on instant text-based online counse- ling. Some other consulting skills of solution-focused brief therapy were not equally applicable to instant text-based online counseling, such as the skills of ＂miracle questions＂ and ＂relationship questions＂. Conclusion： The suitability of applying solution-focused brief therapy in instant text-based online counseling is properly supported, and solution- focused brief therapy matches the characteristic of text communication in online counseling. However, the counse- ling technique should be carefully selected when practicing the instant text-based online counseling.