网络心理咨询的干预技巧

Intervention skills of online counseling

目的:探讨即时文字网络心理咨询中所运用的干预技巧,及其使用特点。方法:运用定性研究方法,对5位咨询师所做5例网络心理咨询记录进行了文本分析,总结出网络心理咨询所运用的干预技巧与特点。结果:网络心理咨询师主要运用开放式提问、封闭式提问、聚焦、意义反映、解释、逻辑结果、自我表露、即时化、反馈、提供信息、指导、高级共情、影响性总结、面质、行动化语言、符号使用等干预技巧;开放式提问、封闭式提问和反馈在网络心理咨询中是使用最多的干预技巧;不同的咨询师使用干预技巧的类别、数量都有所差异。在网络心理咨询的各个阶段,开放式提问、反馈、封闭式提问都是运用较多的干预技巧,但随着咨询的进展,排序会有所不同,高级共情、即时化在各个阶段出现的比例相当,行动化语言、聚焦、指导、提供信息,随着咨询的深入使用逐渐增多;行动化语言和符号的使用,是网络心理咨询师所运用的特殊干预技巧。结论:面对面心理咨询的干预技巧基本上可在网络咨询中使用,咨询师会考虑到网络咨询的优势和不足适当调整干预技巧在各个咨询阶段的使用,也会根据网络及文字书写的特点选择一些特别技巧的使用。

Objective： To explore the intervention skills in instant text-based online counseling condition. Methods： By using qualitative research method, 5 counselors＇ online counseling texts of five cases were analyzed to know the characteristics of intervention skills in online counseling. Results： In online counseling condi- tion, the counselors used intervention skills included open question, closed question, focusing, reflection of meaning, interpretation, logical consequences, self-disclosure, immediacy, feedback, providing information, directives, ad- vanced level of empathy, influencing summarizing, confrontation, behavior words and symbol using. In online coun- seling condition, the counselors used open question, closed question, and feedback the most. There were many differ- ences of intervention skills using between the counselors. In each counseling phase, open question, feedback and closed question were the counselors mainly used, but the proportion of the three skills was different in every phase. The counselors used immediacy, advanced level of empathy in every phase on average, and used behavior words, focusing, directives, providing information more and more depending on the counseling progress. The behav- ior words and symbol using were the special skills in online counseling. Conclusions： It suggests that most the inter- vention skills in face-to-face counseling could be used in online counseling, maybe the counselor could adjust the in- tervention skills using in every counseling phase to adapt online conditions, and also could choose some special techniques according to characteristic of the network and communication by text.