激光接力测量方法和误差分析

Laser Relay Measuring Method and Its Error Analysis

为了解决工程实际应用中遇到的被测物体长度大于作为基准的激光束长度的问题,提出了一个接力测量方法。该方法将被测物体分段测量,相邻两段之间有一定长度的重合部分,利用重合部分在两段测量中的测量结果,用最小二乘直线拟合找出相邻两坐标系间的关系,从而将分段测量的数据表达在一个统一的坐标系中。以直线型被测物体为例,详细介绍了激光接力测量方法。分析了方法的误差并给出了依据测量误差要求选取测量参数的方法。结合应用实例,讨论了影响测量精度的因素。结果应用到客运专线轨道平顺度检测中,取得了满意的效果。

In order to resolve the problem encountered in industrial applications where the object to be measured is longer than that of the laser beam used as datum, a laser relay measuring method was proposed. In this method, the object was divided into several segments and each of them was measured separately. There is a superposition part of a certain length between two adjacent segments. Based on the measured results of this superposition part in two separate measurements, the relation of the two coordinate systems was found with least square method. All data measured separately could be expressed in a unified coordinate system. The method, used for straight line type object to be measured as an example, was presented in details. Its error was analyzed and the method for selecting parameters in the laser relay measuring method was given according to measurement accuracy requirement. Factors influencing the measured results were discussed with an industrial application example. This method was used in track geometry surveying of railway for passenger dedicated line, getting satisfactory results.