日帝强占时期首尔的都市公园探析

Parks of Seoul in the Japanese Colonial Era:Its Character and Meaning

位于朝鲜半岛中心的首尔是依照风水理论予以选址,并根据儒教理念进行都市空间规划的,至1897年大韩帝国建立之前没有很大改变。但开港以后,随着帝国主义及殖民主义对朝鲜半岛的影响,首尔发生了剧烈的变化,原有的空间秩序得以重新构筑首尔属于盆地地形,其近郊有丰富的山麓及溪谷,这些地方为市民提供了良好的游乐条件。因而西方近代都市的公园并不是必须具备的。随着1876年的开港,有关公园的情报及用语传入以后,诞生了近代公园,游览公园成为了都市人日常生活的一部分。特别是1920～1930年代首尔的都市公园,充分地实现了其功效。以清溪川为界,南村是以本町为中心的日本人的生活舞台,北村的钟路则是朝鲜人的街道。南山公园是位于南村居住地的日本人经常光顾的近邻公园,而塔洞公园则发挥了在钟路中心吸引众多民众的都心公园功能,其内涵却包含了殖民统治的优越性及为了合理化而精心实施的战略。

Seoul is situated in the center of Korean Peninsular.Its location was decided by a theory of fengshui,and its comprehensive plan was decided according to the Confucian idea.Seoul had not undergone big changes since the establishment of Daehan Empire in 1897.But,after the opening of ports, the influence of imperialism and colonialism had brought about reorganization of its existing spatial order. Because Seoul had lots of piedmont districts and valleys at that time,urban parks were not significant to be constructed.Because modern urban parks had been introduced to the people in Seoul since the opening of ports,together with its information and terminology,also,the parks had become important for urban civilians＇ everyday life.In addition,parks shared their responsibility.While those in the southern area of Seoul（Honmachi） were intended for Japanese,those in the northern area（Jongro） were intended for Korean.Namsan Mount Park played a role of a neighborhood park,and likewise,Tapdong Park played a role of an urban park,whereas their connotations had confirmed a high strategy to show off the superiority of their own people to bear rule over the colony.