合同保护义务的体系定位

保护义务在私法体系中的定位是侵权法与合同法交错现象需要处理的问题之一,其目的在于协调两个私法领域以获得实质上妥当的调整效果。从合同法与侵权法的抽象功能定位的角度是无法得出保护义务只能作为侵权法上义务的结论的,而合同保护义务只有结合具体实证法背景才能获得充分理解。我国合同法先于侵权责任法确立了保护义务的合同义务地位,因此必须承认保护义务在我国法上具有合同义务与侵权法义务的双重属性。从实践的角度看,由于我国已形成宽泛的合同法与宽泛的侵权法对立并存的局面,且违约责任与侵权责任在责任构成与责任承担上存在差异,所以需要妥当解释保护性规范的私法效果,将相应的保护义务归入合同法或者侵权法,并避免因为归类方面的偶然性而造成不同的处理结果。我国立法与理论在未来所面临的任务,不在于将保护义务纳入统一的制度构造之下,而是在法律价值所容许的限度内,使依合同法处理的效果能够在最大程度上与依侵权法处理的效果协调一致。

The positioning of contract protection obligations in private law is one of the topics which should be handled in staggered field between contract law and tort law, and the pur- pose is to coordinate the two domains of private law to acquire substantively appropriate conse- quence. That contract protection obligations should be classified as duty in tort law couldn＇ t be de- duced from the abstract function of contract law and tort law. The contract protection obligations in contract law could only be fully understood in the context of concrete empirical study. Contract Law defines contract protection obligations as contractual obligations before Tort Liability Law, it must be admitted that contract protection obligations are contractual obligations as well as duties in tort law. From the practical perspective, as the taken shape in our legal system, and the co opposite nstitutio contract and tort liability are different, so we need of broad contract law and broad tort law has n and assumption of liability for breaching the to interpret the private effect of protective rules properly, to classify the corresponding contract protection obligations as contractual obligations or duties in tort law, and to avoid the different legal results on account of occasional classification The task for the le tection obligations gis in lation and theoretical research is not to bring the various kinds of contract pro- to a uniform legal framework, but to coordinate the results from contract law and tort law as much as possible within the limitation of legal values