美国规制影响分析与行政法的发展

在美国,规制影响分析是对拟定的或者已经发布的规制政策和方案产生的影响进行分析和评估的政府决策工具,适用于规制政策制定与方案拟定、规制方案形成和规制实施后的全过程。规制影响分析有利于政府在备选方案中作出最佳选择;为决策者与公众提供可能产生影响的信息,提高透明度与公众参与度;改善行政立法与政策形成过程。这些内容均为行政法的发展带来了巨大的挑战与契机,导致未来行政法更加关注行政程序的整合功能,更加关注其他学科的知识资源,更加关注行政法学体系的建构。

Regulatory impact analysis is a government decision-making tool which analy- zes and assesses the influence from the prepared or issued regulatory policies and programs, inclu- ding the whole regulatory process. Regulatory impact analysis could help the government make the best choice in the options, provide information for policy makers and the public which may have an impact, improve transparency and public participation and make an improvement of the adminis- trative legislation and policy formation process. Those developments of administrative law have brought great challenges and opportunities. The future of administrative law is more concerned a- bout the integration of functions of the administrative procedures, and would pay more attention to the other disciplines of knowledge resources and the construction of administrative legal system.