污泥堆肥过程中生物酶活性与理化因子关系分析

Relationship Between Bioenzyme Activities and Physico-chemical Properties During Sewage Sludge Composting Process

以污泥和稻草为原料,采用强制通风静态好氧系统与人工翻堆相结合的模式进行堆肥,测定堆肥过程各阶段纤维素酶、蛋白酶、脲酶、过氧化氢酶、磷酸酶的活性和pH值、全氮、氨态氮、硝态氮、全磷、速效磷、有机质的含量,并进行了相关分析和主成分分析。结果表明,堆体内不同高度的温度有着不同的变化趋势,堆肥初始阶段,堆体中层温度高于上层温度,随后上层温度逐渐高于中层温度。经过40d的堆肥化处理,堆肥产品达到腐熟标准,生物酶活性与堆肥理化因子呈现较好的相关性,说明生物酶活性可以表征堆肥肥力状况,生物酶活性还可以用来指示堆肥碳、氮、磷素转化情况,主成分分析显示脲酶、酸性、碱性和中性磷酸酶4类酶的活性在评价堆肥肥力中起主要作用。因此,生物酶活性可以作为堆肥肥力指标。

During composting,the starting material is transformed through a variety of biological and biochemical processes in which enzymes play a role.In this research,sewage sludge and straw were composted in aerated static pile composting system with manual turning.The activities of cellulase,protease,urease,catalase,acid phosphatase,alkaline phosphatase,neutral phosphatase and the content of pH,total N,NH 4＋-N,NO 3--N,total P,available P,organic matter were investigated during different phases of composting.The results showed that,the temperature changing trends at the different places in the composting piles were different.The temperature of the upper-layer was lower than that of the middle-layer in the early stage,and then the former was higher with the development of composting process.The compost matura tion was reached after 40 days.Correlation analysis indicated that the above physico-chemical properties were positively correlated with the bioenzymes,indicating that fertility could be characterized by bioenzymes.Bioenzymes could also be used to characterize the conversion of carbon,nitrogen,phosphorus during composting.Principal component analysis suggested that urease,acid phosphatase,alkaline phosphatase and neutral phosphatase played a major role in the evaluation of compost fertility.Thus,the activity of biological enzyme could be used as index for composting fertility.