国际政治权力的特质及其启示——与国内政治相比较的分析

Particular Characteristics of International Power and Their Implications——with a Comparative Analysis of Domestic Politics

国际政治学的"权力论",或是把权力作为一种社会关系的一般性含义应用到国际政治中来,或是移用国内政治的权力理论,两者都没有顾及权力在国际关系中的特殊性,因而未能揭示出国际政治权力的特质。通过与国内政治相比较的分析,可以发现,国际政治中的国家权力在类型上是一种私有权力,在价值取向上是国家个体利益,在行使上是相对自由的,在属性上并不是政治权力。这些特质启示我们,在学科建设上,国际政治学在借鉴别的学科理论时,要注意消化吸收,笔者建议创设"国际权力"概念,以与国内政治权力概念相区别。在国际政治的界定上,权力的差异决定了国际政治是与国内政治并行的另外一种形态的政治,这一点也引出了国际政治学科的独立性问题。

The power theory of international politics applies power with its general meaning of social relations, or mistakenly explains its meaning by referring to the domestic political theory. Both fail to reveal the particular characteristics of international political power, for they do not take into account the particularity of power in international relations. A comparative study with domestic politics establishes the fact that in essence the state power is not a political power. In the field of international politics it is classified as a private power which centers round the inter- ests of individual states with relatively free operation. These traits imply that in the development of the discipline ＂international politics＂, attention should be paid to digestion and absorption when borrowing theories from other disciplines. The authors suggest that a concept of ＂interna- tional power＂ be created in order to differentiate it from domestic political power. When defining international politics, the differences in power determine that international politics is another form of politics which parallels domestic politics. This also raises the issue of establishing inter- national politics as an independent discipline.