试析瑜伽的起源与始初形态

Exploration on Yoga's Origin and Its Initial Stage

按照文化生态学的观点,文化形态首先是人类适应生态环境的结果。而社会人的性格与行为、风俗与习惯又是文化形态的重要内容。简而言之,生态类型决定文化形态。瑜伽是印度精神传统的主要成分之一。在古代,传统的瑜伽构成了内向追求的基础,是修炼心思的形式,各个都按照自己的不同方式来修炼。在瑜伽的背后,有一种静思和"禅"的精神,这种精神追求的是内心的宁静、喜欢和内向观想,即所谓"解脱"。本文运用文献资料法,从人类历史学、文化生态学、宗教人类学等角度剖析瑜伽的起源,让读者对现在流行颇广的瑜伽健身修炼运动有一个更为全面、深入的认识。

On the basis of cultural ecology, cultural formation is in the first place the result of human beings who adapt themselves to the environment. And people＇s personality, behavior, customs and habits are the important content of cultural formation. In brief, ecologic type decides cultural formation. Yoga is one of the main elements of Indian spiritual tradition. In ancient times, traditional Yoga constitutes the foundation of internal pursuit, and is the form of practicing one＇ s thought. People practice Yoga in the ways they like. What is implied in yogic culture is the deep meditation and intense contemplation which seek for the innerheart peace, love and internal concepts, i.e. freedom. This paper explores Yoga＇ s origin from the aspects of human history, cultural ecology and religious anthropology based on literature review. Readers can have a more comprehensive and deep understanding of the nowadays - wide - spread Yoga.