高中生性格优点及与主观幸福感、学习成绩的关系研究

Relationship between Character Strengths,Subjective Well-being and Examination Performance of High School Students

目的了解高中生性格优点及与主观幸福感、学习成绩的关系。方法采用修订的《性格优点(儿童)问卷》、生活满意度量表、快乐感量表对415名高中生进行调查。结果①高中生的突出优点有感恩、欣赏、爱、公平、好学;②在公平、宽恕、希望上有显著的年级与性别交互作用;在爱、正直、欣赏、感恩、信仰上有性别差异(女>男);在谦虚上得分高一高于高二(P<0.05);③爱、毅力、洞察、感恩、正直对生活满意度有显著的预测作用(R2=0.367,P<0.001);爱、毅力、谦虚、领导、希望对正性情感有显著的预测作用(R2=0.236,P<0.001);希望、热心、信仰、爱对负性情感有显著的预测作用(R2=0.119,P<0.001);毅力、创造、好学对成绩有显著的预测作用(R2=0.101,P<0.001)。结论性格优点与主观幸福感、学习成绩既直接相关,又可通过主观幸福感间接影响学习成绩。

Objective To investigate the relationship between character strengths,subjective well-being and examination performance of high school students.Methods A total of 415 high school students were surveyed by the Revision of VIA-Y,the Satisfaction with Life Scale and the Positive Affect and Negative Affect Scale.Results ①The top five ＂signature strengths＂ of Chinese high school students were gratitude,appreciation of beauty and excellence,love,fairness,love of learning.②There existed significant international effect in fairness,forgiveness and hope.There existed gender difference in love,honesty,appreciation of beauty and excellence and gratitude（schoolgirlschoolboy）;Senior one was higher than senior two in scores of modesty（P0.05）.③Love,persistence,perspective,gratitude,honesty predicted satisfaction with life（R2=0.367,P0.001）;Love,persistence,modesty,leadership,hope predicted positive affect（R2=0.236,P0.001）;Hope,zest,religiousness,love predicted negative affect（R2=0.119,P0.001）;Persistence,creativity,love of learning predicted examination performance（R2=0.101,P0.001）.Conclusion Character strengths not only associated with SWB and examination performance directly but also affected examination performance through SWB indirectly.