初中生社会支持与父母教养方式的相关研究

Correlation between Social Support and Parental Rearing Patterns of Middle School Students

目的探讨初中生社会支持与父母教养方式的相关性。方法采用系统分层抽样问卷调查设计。对玉溪市4所中学初一至初三年级的学生进行系统分层抽样,采用父母教养方式评价量表和社会支持评定量表对1115名初中学生进行问卷调查,之后对收集的数据进行μ检验和Pearson相关分析。结果父母教养方式评价量表中,父亲的惩罚严厉、过分干涉和拒绝、否认因子存在性别差异(μ=4.047,2.338,2.301;P<0.05);社会支持评定量表中,主观支持和对社会支持的利用度存在性别差异(μ=2.544,4.087;P<0.05)。在相关分析中,社会支持各因子与父母情感温暖与理解呈正相关(r=0.3996,0.2743,0.3062,0.3770,0.2548,0.2775;P<0.05),与父母惩罚、严厉和拒绝、否认呈负相关(r=-0.1927,-0.1092,-0.1878,-0.1821,-0.0871,-0.1513,-0.2280,-0.0853,-0.1907,-0.2151,-0.0633,-0.1574;P<0.05)。结论初中生对社会支持的利用会显著促进个体的心理承受和负荷能力,增加处理危机和冲突的水平,同时父母的教养方式对子女的社会支持有着非常重要的影响。

Objective To explore the correlation between social support and parental rearing patterns of middle school students.Methods The research adopted systematic stratified sampling study.1115 middle school students from grade 1 to 3 of 4 middle schools in Yuxi city were assessed with the Egma minnen av bardndosnauppforstran（EMBU）and the Social Support Rating Scale（SSRS）.Then the μ-test and Pearson correlation were analyzed.Results In EMBU,strict punishment,over interference,rejection and repudiation of father showed a difference between boys and girls（μ=4.047,2.338,2.301;P0.05）.In SSRS,the subjective support and utilization of social support showed differences between boys and girls（μ=2.544,4.087;P0.05）.In correlated analysis,all the factors of SSRS were positively correlated with emotional warmth and understanding of parents（r=0.3996,0.2743,0.3062,0.3770,0.2548,0.2775,P0.05）and negatively correlated with strict punishment,rejection and repudiation of parents（r=-0.1927,-0.1092,0.1878,-0.1821,-0.0871,-0.1513,-0.2280,-0.0853,-0.1907,-0.2151,-0.0633,-0.1574;P0.05）.Conclusion Utilization of social support of middle school students can significantly promote individual psychological endurance and load-bearing capacity,increase the level of dealing with crises and conflicts;Parental rearing patterns on the effects of social support of children is very important.