西辽河平原主要作物耗水量及耗水规律研究

Research on Water Consumption and Its Law of Main Crops in West Liaohe River Plain

根据联合国粮农组织推荐的Penman-Monteith公式及单作物系数法,研究了西辽河平原不同典型年的春玉米、春小麦、谷子、大豆、甜菜5种作物的耗水量及耗水规律,并分析作物生育期有效降雨量与作物耗水量的关系。计算结果表明:以一般年为例,春玉米、春小麦、谷子、大豆和甜菜的耗水量分别为501.01、427.68、464.76、443.10、500.22mm;干旱年份作物的耗水量较大,一般年次之,湿润年作物耗水量最小;作物在发育期和生育中期耗水量较大,为需水的关键时期;作物整个生育阶段有效降雨量总体上不能满足作物的耗水量,在干旱年、一般年、湿润年平均有效降雨量分别占作物生育期耗水量的40%、50%、70%左右,对作物必须进行合理的灌溉。

Using the Penman-Monteith formula and the single crop coefficient recommended by the FAO, this paper stuales me water consumption and its law of 5 main crops, including spring maize, spring wheat, millet, soybean and beet, in west Liaohe River Plain in typical years, and analyzes the relationship between the effective precipitation in the crop growth period and the crop water con- sumption. The results show that in general year, the water consumptions of the five crops are 502.84, 427. 50, 460. 12, 443.54, 506. 18 mm, respectively; the water consumption in drought year is the largest, in general year is the second smallest, and in wet year is the smallest ;the developmental stage and the middle growth stage are the key irrigation periods for each crop; the effective precipitation in the crop growth period can not meet the crop water consumption, and accounted for 40%, 50% and 60% of water consumption, respectively. So the crops must be reasonable irrigated.