分工是人类历史演进的一把“双刃剑”——《德意志意识形态》的分工理论解析

Division-A Double Sword of Human Historical Evolution——Division Theories Analysis The German Ideology

在人类历史演进的过程中,许多现象特别是社会现象对于人而言,往往是一把"双刃剑",既有益处,又有害处。分工在人类历史演进过程中具有双重作用:从分工对人类文明的贡献角度来看,分工是推动人类社会历史进步的重要因素之一,它一步步把整个社会引向文明,对于社会的进步而言起到的作用是决定性的;从分工的另一面作用来看,分工又总是与历史冲突有关,它导致人的活动的异化并对人的生存和发展造成极大的破坏,分工所造成的异化及其扬弃,是人类历史演进过程中必经的曲折道路。分工是一个矛盾统一体,又是一个历史范畴。从整个人类历史的演进中去辩证地历史地考察分工,对于深入理解马克思分工理论及其历史观都具有重要意义。

In the human historical evolution, there are most phenomena, especially social phenomena, are a double sword, which is not only good but bad for human. Therefore, it is division, which has double functions： one is from its contribution to human ciyilization and it leads the society to civilization. The other is division is in conflict with history and it leads to the result that the alienation of human activity damages human existence and development. Division is a paradox and historical category. From the whole historical evolution,it is of great importance to explore division which is useful to understand Marx division theory and historical views.