太湖湖滨带类型划分及生态修复模式研究

Classification and ecological restoration modes for the littoral zone of Lake Taihu

太湖湖滨带岸线总长405 km,73%以上被防洪大堤所包围,其余部分临近山体,属于典型的大堤型湖滨带.按照湖滨带地形地貌分为大堤型、山坡型、河口型三类,根据水文条件和露滩情况,又将大堤型分为长期露滩、间歇露滩、无滩地型,山坡型分为有滩地型、无滩地型,形成6种类型的湖滨带.根据以上太湖湖滨带划分类型,结合湖滨带生境、气候、水文条件以及植被分布现状等因素,分别采取生态保育、生态修复、生态重建的对策,设计了不同类型的太湖湖滨带生态修复模式,并分别提供了形象的修复模式示意图,以期为太湖及其类似湖滨带的生态修复提供一定的借鉴.

The total length of littoral zone of Lake Taihu is about 405 km, and more than 73% of which is surrounded by dike, other part is closed to hill. Therefore it is a typical dike-type littoral zone. According to different land forms, the littoral zone of Lake Taihu is classified as dike-type, hill-type and estuary-type. Based on the condition of hydrology and wetland area, the dike- type is classified as 3 sub-types, namely, permanent-wetland-dike-type, intermittent-wetland-dike-type and non-wetland-dike- type. The hill-type is classified as 2 sub-types, namely, wetland-hill-type and non-wetland-hill type. That means total 6 sub-types of littoral zones are defined in Lake Taihu. According to the above classification, several ecological restoration modes and their dia- grams are proposed, which adopt different measures, from ecological conservation, ecological restoration to ecological reconstruc- tion. The present research may have some implications for the ecological restoration of other lake littoral zones.