两晋以来气候变化对太湖流域稻麦两熟复种的影响

INFLUENCE OF CLIMATE CHANGES ON THE RICE-WHEAT DOUBLE CROPPING IN THE TAIHU LAKE BASIN SINCE THE WESTERN AND EASTERN JIN DYNASTIES

太湖流域的稻麦两熟复种大约产生于东晋南朝时期(317～589年),此后这一种植制度长期存在,并不断有所发展。考察发现,此一区域的稻麦两熟在历史上的大多数时候并无突出的季节矛盾,只是有两个时期例外。这两个时期一是明末清初,一是19世纪。太湖流域历史上突出的季节矛盾不由人口、品种等社会原因引起,而由气候变化这一自然因素导致。明末清初和19世纪分别是历史上最为寒冷的时期,是气候变冷造成了这一区域稻麦两熟突出的季节矛盾。

The rice-wheat double cropping in the Taihu Lake Basin was supposed to have originated from the Eastern Jin and Southern Dynasties（317~589）,and extended as a common planting practice for a long time in the ensuing dynasties.Our study showed that most of the time had witnessed no conspicuous seasonal conflicts in the double cropping in the region except for the following two periods：the Late Ming Dynasty and early Qing Dynasty period（1600~1700）,and the 19th century.In our study on the rice-wheat double cropping history in association with climate changes,we discovered that the seasonal conflicts in this region were closely related to the climate variations,and the seasonal conflicts that appeared in the two historical periods were both caused by the climate cooling rather than by social factors such as population and crop variety.The two historical periods concerned had experienced the coolest time in the history.