南北方典型省份产水和用水特点比较

Comparison of Water Production and Utilization in the North and South of China

水资源问题一直是事关国民经济发展和人民生活的关键问题,我国水资源所面临的严峻形势要求我国必须实行严格的水资源管理制度。然而我国南北方地区产水和用水具有不同的特点,存在的水资源问题也不同,充分了解不同地区的特点及差异性是因地制宜开展水资源管理工作的前提。选择南方的江西、湖北、浙江3省和北方的山东、河北、甘肃3省,对这6个省份的产水和用水特点进行了分析与比较,建议北方3省应把工作重点放在耗水量的控制上面,着力提高用水效率,而南方3省应加大用水量的控制,减少入河排污量,着力提高废污水水质。

Water resources has been a key issue concerning the national economic development and people＇s living.The serious situation China＇s water resources is facing now requires that our country has to implement strict water resources management regime.The North and South of China have different characteristics in water production and utilization,and the existing problems are different as well.Therefore,to fully understand the characteristics of different regions is a prerequisite for water resources management according to local conditions and differences.Jiangxi,Hubei and Zhejiang provinces in the South,and Shandong,Hebei and Gansu provinces in the North are selected for the comparison.Differences of water production and utilization in six provinces are analyzed and compared in terms of precipitation,runoff coefficient,water production modulus,and water use,water consumption rate,quantity of water use,consumption and drainage,as well as water use efficiency.It＇s suggested that the three northern provinces should focus on water consumption control,and the improvement of water use efficiency,whereas the three southern provinces should enhance water use control,reduce emissions into the rivers,and improve the quality of wastewater.