车轮滚动时轨头内弹性应力场的计算和分析

CALCULATION AND ANALYSIS OF ELASTIC ROLLING CONTACT STRESS FIELD IN RAIL HEAD

Kalker的“完全理论”和CONTACT程序是最有代表性的三维非Hertz弹性体滚动接触理论 ,其适用范围仅限于接触区。为了得到轮轨滚动接触时在真实几何形状和边界条件下轨头内接触区之外真实的弹性应力场 ,本文将Kalker的“完全理论”与有限元方法相结合 ,形成了统一的轮轨滚动接触算法和软件 ,能够进行快速、有效的计算。文中的实例分析表明 ,轴载是影响钢轨接触应力的主要因素 ,摇头角的影响也不可忽视 ,相对说来横移量对钢轨接触应力的影响是最小的。

Kalker’s “complete theory” and CONTACT program are the most typical three dimensional non Hertzian elastic rolling contact theory. Their scope of application is within the contact zone. In order to obtain the real elastic stress field outside the contact zone in rail head under considering the real geometry and boundary conditions, the paper mixed the “complete theory” with finite element method, and formed a united wheel/rail rolling contact numerical method and computer software. The efficiency of numerical computation is very remarkable. As concerning the factors determining the contact stress field of the rail, numerical examples show that the most important one is the axle load, the yaw angle is the second, and the lateral shift is the last.