菜蕨配子体的发育形态特征

Morphological Characteristics of Gametophyte Development from Callipteris esculenta

为了解菜蕨﹝Callipteris esculenta(Retz.)J.Sm.﹞配子体的发育特征特性以及孢子繁育技术,采用人工培养方法培养菜蕨的孢子,详细观察其配子体的发育全过程。结果表明:孢子为二面体型,单裂缝,假根先出,孢子萌发为书带蕨型(Vittaria-Type);丝状体阶段长3～4个细胞;片状体为小楔形,倒三角形分生细胞出现早,宽3～5个细胞时进入原叶体阶段;原叶体发育为铁线蕨型(Adiantum-Type),成熟原叶体为对称心形,两翼宽大平展。成熟原叶体裸露,无毛状体,雌雄同体,初生假根具叶绿体,次生假根尖膨大或螺旋,成熟精子器具柄圆球体,颈卵器稍弯曲等,具有原始的性状也有进化的性状。在适宜的光照条件下原叶体正常发育且成苗率达82%。

The aims were to understand morphological characteristics of gametophyte development and spores breeding technology.The spores of Callipteris esculenta were artificially cultured,and the spores germination and gametophyte development were observed under the microscope.The results showed that the spores were bilateral type with a monolete and first rhizoids.The type of spore germination was Vittaria-type and the gametophyte development was Aspidium-type.Germ filament was formed by 3~4 cells.Prothallial plate appear earlier inverted triangular cell on small wedges with 3~5 cell width.Mature prothallus were cordate-thalloid without hairs,its two wings were leniency and flattening.Subsequently,hermaphrodite prothallus was bare.Rhizoids usually had the chloroplasts and were bifurcated or spiral on the apex.Maturation of antheridia was stipitate spherosome while maturation of archegonia was scurved and so on.Under suitable light,the percentage of prothallus development were up to 82%.