民办社区养老机构建设及其政府责任——以杭州市上城区为例

The Construction of Private-run Community Care Institution for Old People and Government's Responsibilities:A Case Sudy of Shangcheng District,Hangzhou

1999年我国进入老龄化社会。伴随着老龄人口的持续增长,传统的家庭养老难以应对日益增长的养老服务需求。机构养老和居家养老的相继兴起满足了部分养老服务需求,但都存在着严重缺陷,而目前的社区养老则难以提供全天候、专业化养老服务。杭州市上城区多家民办社区养老机构的出现为解决这一难题提供了有益思路,它们充分发挥机构养老的专业性特长,并利用居家养老和社区养老的优势,满足了老人在社区中获得全天候、专业化养老服务的需求,不仅创新了社区养老服务模式,形成了社区养老服务的新格局,而且为政府养老服务供给提供了更多选择。上城区民办社区养老机构发展的案例表明,政府需要在其中发挥重要作用,这种作用是民办社区养老机构得以生存和发展的重要保障,包括转变政府职能,加大财政支持、整合社区资源、为社会组织和企业提供平台,以及出台相应的法律法规并进行监管等。

China has entered upon the aging society since 1999.Along with the continuous growth of elderly population,traditional family care could not satisfy the growing demands for the care services for old people any more.Even though the institutional care and home care for old people met part needs of the care service for old people,they both had flaws difficult to overcome.Meanwhile,the community care for old people cannot provide all-day as well as professional care services.Under this circumstance,the private-run community care institutions for old people in Shangcheng district of Hangzhou provided new and feasible approaches to solve the problem.They not only fully utilized the professional expertise of the institutional care service,but brought the advantages of home care and community care services as well,satisfied the demands of all-day and professional service,innovated the service mode,formed a new pattern of services,and provided more choices for the supply of government care service for old people.The case study of Shangcheng district shows that government still needs to play an important role as a gate keeper for the survival and development of private-run community care institutions for old people.In order to promote the healthy development of private-run community institutions,government shall transform its functions,increase financial support,integrate community resources,provide a platform for social organizations and enterprises,release and supervise appropriate laws and regulations.